摘要
The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution along with their host. Beneficial intestinal bacteria have numerous and important functions, e.g., they produce various nutrients for their host, prevent infections caused by intestinal pathogens, and modulate a normal immunological response. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiota in order to achieve, restore, and maintain favourable balance in the ecosystem, and the activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for the improved health condition of the host. The introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics into human diet is favourable for the intestinal microbiota. They may be consumed in the form of raw vegetables and fruit, fermented pickles, or dairy products. Another source may be pharmaceutical formulas and functional food. This paper provides a review of available information and summarises the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. The mechanism of beneficial action of those substances is discussed, and verified study results proving their efficacy in human nutrition are presented.
摘要译文
人胃肠道被复杂的微生物生态系统殖民。肠道细菌不仅是共识，而且它们也与他们的宿主一起接受同步共同演变。有益的肠细菌具有许多重要的功能，例如，它们为其宿主产生各种营养素，预防肠道病原体引起的感染，并调节正常的免疫应答。因此，改性肠道微生物群以实现，恢复和维持生态系统的良好平衡，并且胃肠道中存在的微生物的活性对于提高宿主的健康状况是必要的。将益生菌，益生元或Synbiotics引入人类饮食的引入是有利的，对肠道微生物群有利。它们可能以生蔬菜和水果，发酵泡菜或乳制品的形式消耗。另一个来源可以是药物配方和功能性食物。本文介绍了可用信息的审查，并总结了目前关于益生菌，益生元和同步对人体健康影响的知识。讨论了这些物质的有益作用的机制，并介绍了证明其在人类营养中的疗效的验证研究结果。
Paulina Markowiak[ [*];Katarzyna 'Slizewska[ [*]. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health[J]. Nutrients, 2017,9(9): 1021