摘要
Probiotics are live microorganisms, which, if appropriately administered, can beneficially affect human health. Probiotics are used for the prevention and the treatment of many diseases. Beneficial effects of probiotics result from the fact that their presence in the large intestine demonstrates protective properties, whereas their low amount can increase susceptibility to various infections and diseases. Prebiotics are food ingredients that are not digested by endogenous enzymes and selectively pass intact into the large intestine (colon). In this area, they are decomposed by enzymes of beneficial bacteria selectively stimulating the growth and activity of these microbes and having a beneficial effect on human health. Their basic function, which is multiplying beneficial bacteria in the intestine, is associated with the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), i.e. butyric, acetic, and propionic acids, fermentation products that occur in the large intestine. The production of such acids results in the decreased intestinal pH level that maintains the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Using probiotics is recommended due to the fact that they favour the development of normal gut microbiota, which, as a consequence, prevents intestinal diseases and improves the health of the entire organism. Furthermore, probiotics have also been used for therapeutic purposes and, in the case of various disorders, as a factor supporting and stimulating intestinal regeneration during the recovery period.
摘要译文
益生菌是活的微生物，如果适当施用，可以有利地影响人类健康。益生菌用于预防和治疗许多疾病。益生菌的有益效果由它们在大肠中的存在表明保护性质，而它们的低量可以增加对各种感染和疾病的敏感性。益生元是未被内源性酶消化的食品成分，并选择性地通过完整进入大肠（结肠）。在该地区，它们被有选择性地刺激这些微生物的生长和活性并对人体健康产生有益影响的酶分解。它们的基本功能与肠中的有益细菌相乘，与形成短链脂肪酸（SCFA），即甲醛，醋酸和丙酸，在大肠中发生的发酵产物。这种酸的产生导致肠道pH水平降低，维持肠道微生物的稳态。推荐使用益生菌，因为它们有利于正常肠道微生物群的发展，因此，这是预防肠疾病并改善整个生物的健康。此外，益生菌也已被用于治疗目的，并且在各种疾病的情况下，作为在恢复期间支持和刺激肠道再生的因子。
Magdalena Frej-Mądrzak [1] ; Małgorzata Jeziorek [2] ; Jolanta Sarowska [1] ; Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik [1] ; Irena Choroszy-Król [1]. The role of probiotics and prebiotics in the proper functioning of gut microbiota and the treatment of diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis[J]. Nutrition, Obesity & Metabolic Surgery, 2020,7(1): 9-15