摘要
In recent years, there has been an emerging interest in the possible role of the gut microbiota as a co-factor in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), as many studies have highlighted the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain (the so-called “gut-brain axis”). Accumulating evidence has shown a link between alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and both gastrointestinal and neurobehavioural symptoms in children with ASD. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the current knowledge about dysbiosis and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in ASD and assess the current evidence for the role of probiotics and other non-pharmacological approaches in the treatment of children with ASD. Analysis of the literature showed that gut dysbiosis in ASD has been widely demonstrated; however, there is no single distinctive profile of the composition of the microbiota in people with ASD. Gut dysbiosis could contribute to the low-grade systemic inflammatory state reported in patients with GI comorbidities. The administration of probiotics (mostly a mixture of Bifidobacteria, Streptococci and Lactobacilli) is the most promising treatment for neurobehavioural symptoms and bowel dysfunction, but clinical trials are still limited and heterogeneous. Well-designed, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to validate the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of ASD and to identify the appropriate strains, dose, and timing of treatment.
摘要译文
近年来，肠道微生物群作为自闭症谱系障碍（ASDS）发展的协调因素的可能发挥着新兴的兴趣，因为许多研究突出了肠道和大脑之间的双向通信（所以被配置为“肠脑轴”）。积累证据显示了肠道微生物组成的改变与ASD的儿童胃肠道和神经胃癌症状之间的联系。这一叙述审查的目的是分析目前关于ASD中的歧疲剂和胃肠道（GI）疾病的知识，并评估益生菌和其他非药理学方法在治疗ASD儿童中的作用的现有证据。对文献的分析表明，ASD中的肠道脱泻已被广泛证明;然而，没有亚本亚型人类微生物群组合物的单一独特的概况。肠道脱泻病可以有助于GI患者报告的低级全身炎症状态。益生菌的给药（大多是双歧杆菌，链球菌和乳杆菌）是最有前途的神经热爱症状和肠功能障碍的治疗，但临床试验仍然有限和异质。精心设计，随机的安慰剂对照临床试验需要验证益生菌治疗ASD的益生菌的有效性，并鉴定适当的菌株，剂量和治疗时间。
Antonella Fattorusso; Lorenza Di Genova; Giovanni Battista Dell’Isola; Elisabetta Mencaroni;Susanna Esposito[ [*]. Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Gut Microbiota[J]. Nutrients, 2019,11(3): 521