摘要
Future use of animal protein sources in shrimp feeds is expected to be considerably reduced as a consequence of increasing economical, environmental and safety issues. Of main concern has been the use of expensive marine protein sources, such as fish meal. Hence, shrimp research has recently focused on the development of practical feeds with minimal levels of fish meal and alternative, lower cost protein sources. To determine shrimp capacity to use practical feeds with plant proteins as replacement ingredients to animal protein sources, an 81-day growth trial was conducted in an outdoor tanks system, using juvenile (0.74 g) Litopenaeus vannamei. Experimental treatments included four diets with varying levels of fish meal in the diet (9, 6, 3 and 0%) in combination with 16% poultry by-product meal, a plant based feed containing 1% squid meal, and a commercial reference feed. Feeds were commercially extruded and offered as sinking pellets designed to contain 35% crude protein and 8% lipids. Mean final weight, percent weight gain, final net yield, feed conversion ratio and survival were evaluated. Final values for these parameters ranged from 17.4 to 19.5 g, 2249–2465%, 564.4–639.0 g m− 3, 1.07–1.20 and 83.3–89.2%, respectively. Evaluation of production parameters at the end of the study demonstrated no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) among any of the experimental treatments. These results indicate that fish meal can be replaced with plant protein sources in diets including 16% poultry by-product meal without affecting shrimp growth and production. In addition, results demonstrate that good performance can obtained by shrimp fed a plant protein based feed (solvent extracted soybean meal, corn gluten meal and corn fermented solubles) in combination with 1% squid meal. Although results with the primarily plant based diet are encouraging, further evaluations are recommended to allow the removal of the remaining marine ingredients.
摘要译文
由于日益增长的经济，环境和安全问题，虾饲料中未来使用动物蛋白质来源预计将大大减少主要关注的是使用昂贵的海洋蛋白质来源，如鱼粉，虾研究最近专注于开发具有最低水平的鱼粉和替代的低成本蛋白质来源的实用饲料为了确定虾的能力，使用具有植物蛋白质的实际饲料作为动物蛋白质来源的替代成分，在室外罐系统中进行了为期81天的生长试验，使用幼鱼（0 g）百日香 treatments treatments treatments，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，含有1％25鱿鱼粉的植物饲料和商业参考饲料进料商业挤出并作为沉淀丸提供，其设计为含有35％25粗蛋白和8％25脂质平均最终重量，体重增加百分比，最终净产量，饲料转化率和存活率均有所差异。这些参数的最终值分别为17〜19，2249〜5％，25 5640 g m sup鈭 3/ sup，1 €0和83 2％25，研究结束时的生产参数评估结果没有显着差异（P≧ 0 05）在任何实验处理之中这些结果表明，鱼粉可以替代饲料中的植物蛋白质来源，其中包括16％25禽肉副产品，不影响虾的生长和生产。另外，结果表明，通过饲喂基于植物蛋白质的饲料（溶剂提取的大豆粉，玉米面筋粉和玉米发酵的可溶物）与1％25鱿鱼粉结合使用虽然以植物为主的饮食结果令人鼓舞，建议进一步评估以排除其余的海产品
Elkin Amaya; D. Allen Davis; David B. Rouse. Alternative diets for the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Aquaculture, 2007,262(2-4): 419–425