摘要
Embryonic development is orchestrated by a small number of signaling pathways, one of which is the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway. Vitamin A is essential for vertebrate embryonic development because it is the molecular precursor of the essential signaling molecule RA. The level and distribution of RA signaling within a developing embryo must be tightly regulated; too much, or too little, or abnormal distribution, all disrupt embryonic development. Precise regulation of RA signaling during embryogenesis is achieved by proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, retinoid transport, nuclear signaling, and RA catabolism. The reversible first step in conversion of the precursor vitamin A to the active retinoid RA is mediated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), two related membrane-bound proteins that functionally activate each other to mediate the interconversion of retinol and retinal. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes do not contribute to RA production under normal conditions during embryogenesis. Genes involved in vitamin A metabolism and RA catabolism are expressed in tissue-specific patterns and are subject to feedback regulation. Mutations in genes encoding these proteins disrupt morphogenesis of many systems in a developing embryo. Together these observations demonstrate the importance of vitamin A metabolism in regulating RA signaling during embryonic development in vertebrates.
摘要译文
胚胎发育由少数信号传导途径组织，其中之一是视黄酸（RA）信号通路维生素A对于脊椎动物胚胎发育至关重要，因为它是必需信号分子RA the的分子前体发育中胚胎中RA信号的水平和分布必须严格控制;太多，或太少，或分布异常，都破坏了胚胎发育胚胎发生过程中RA信号的精确调节是通过参与维生素A代谢，类视黄醇转运，核信号传导和RA分解代谢的蛋白质来实现的前体维生素A转化为活性类视黄醇RA的可逆第一步是由视黄醇脱氢酶10（RDH10）和脱氢酶/还原酶（SDR家族）成员3（DHRS3）介导，两个相关的膜结合蛋白在功能上相互激活以介导视黄醇和视网膜的相互转化乙醛脱氢酶（ADH）酶在胚胎发生过程中在正常条件下无助于RA产生参与维生素A代谢和RA分解代谢的基因以组织特异性模式表达，并受到反馈调节编码这些蛋白质的基因突变会破坏发育中的胚胎中许多系统的形态发生这些观察结果一起证明维生素A代谢在脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中调节RA信号的重要性
Melissa A. Metzler and Lisa L. Sandell [*] . Enzymatic Metabolism of Vitamin A in Developing Vertebrate Embryos[J]. Nutrients, 2016,8(12): 812