摘要
Use of artificial insemination (AI) for breeding pigs has been instrumental for facilitating global improvements in fertility, genetics, labor, and herd health. The establishment of AI centers for management of boars and production of semen has allowed for selection of boars for fertility and sperm production using in vitro and in vivo measures. Today, boars can be managed for production of 20 to 40 traditional AI doses containing 2.5 to 3.0 billion motile sperm in 75 to 100 mL of extender or 40 to 60 doses with 1.5 to 2.0 billion sperm in similar or reduced volumes for use in cervical or intrauterine AI. Regardless of the sperm dose, in liquid form, extenders are designed to sustain sperm fertility for 3 to 7 days. On farm, AI is the predominant form for commercial sow breeding and relies on manual detection of estrus with sows receiving two cervical or two intrauterine inseminations of the traditional or low sperm doses on each day detected in standing estrus. New approaches for increasing rates of genetic improvement through use of AI are aimed at methods to continue to lower the number of sperm in an AI dose and reducing the number of inseminations through use of a single, fixed-time AI after ovulation induction. Both approaches allow greater selection pressure for economically important swine traits in the sires and help extend the genetic advantages through AI on to more production farms.
摘要译文
对种猪人工授精（AI）的使用已器乐促进生育，遗传学，劳动和畜群健康改善全球AI的建立和公猪精液生产的管理中心已经允许使用体外和体内measuresToday生育和精子生产公猪的选择，公猪能生产含有20 3illion在75至100毫升扩展器或40至60剂量活动精子20至40 AI传统剂量的管理与1O 2在在精子剂量的宫颈或子宫内AIRegardless使用相似或降低的体积0个十亿精子，以液体形式，膨胀剂被设计来维持精子生育为3至7天在农场，升母猪养殖和母猪接收两节颈椎或上每天站立发情检测到的传统的或低剂量的精子两宫内授精依赖于发情的手动检测ř增加遗传改良的速率通过使用人工智能的旨在方法来继续降低在一个AI剂量精子数目，并通过使用单一的还原授精的数目，固定时间AI促排卵后这两种方法都允许更大的选择压力在公牛重要经济性状的猪，并有助于延长到更多的生产农场通过AI遗传优势
R.V. Knox. Artificial insemination in pigs today[J]. Theriogenology, 2016,85(1): 83–93