摘要
Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among hantaviruses suggests that hantaviruses have had a longstanding co-evolutionary history with their predominant rodent carriers (Schmaljohn and Hjelle 1997; Nichol, in press). Closely related hantaviruses are generally derived from rodents that are themselves closely related, while deeper evolutionary branches in the virus phylogenetic tree are associated with deeper branches in the rodent phylogenetic tree. As a first approximation, hantavirus evolution resembles that of an extrachromosomal genetic element of murid rodents more than it does that of an autonomous, horizontally transmitted agent. Those hantaviruses that have a clearly identified reservoir host are associated with rodents of the family Muridae, subfamilies Murinae, Arvicolinae, and Sigmodontinae. A single hantavirus isolate, Thottapalayam, was obtained from a non-murid host, the shrew Suncus murinus (Carey et al. 1971). It is unclear whether insectivores are truly reservoirs for hantaviruses,or rare incidental hosts. If the former were true then these viruses would most likely represent ancient relatives of those found in murid rodents, given the temporal depth of the divergence between Insectivora and Rodentia. It appears to us to be somewhat more likely that Thottapalayam represents a recent host-switching event, since even the high divergence of that virus from other hantaviruses is not as large as is the divergence between Insectivora and Rodentia.
摘要译文
对汉坦病毒的系统发育关系的分析表明，汉坦病毒与其主要的啮齿动物携带者有着长期的共同进化史（Schmaljohn和Hjelle 1997;Nichol，出版社）。密切相关的汉坦病毒通常来自与其密切相关的啮齿动物，而病毒系统发育树中更深层的进化分支与啮齿动物系统发育树中更深的分支相关联。作为第一个近似，汉坦病毒进化类似于鼠类啮齿动物的染色体外遗传元件，而不是自发的水平传播因子。具有明确鉴定的宿主宿主的那些汉坦病毒与鼠科（Muridae），亚科（Murinae），Arvicolinae和Sigmodontinae亚科的啮齿动物有关。单一的汉坦病毒分离株，Thottapalayam来自非寄主宿主Suncus murinus（Carey等，1971）。尚不清楚食虫动物是否真的是汉坦病毒或罕见偶发宿主的宿主。如果前者是真的那么这些病毒最有可能代表在鼠类啮齿动物中发现的那些古老的亲属，因为食虫目和啮齿目动物之间的时间深度。在我们看来，Thottapalayam更有可能代表最近的主机转换事件，因为即使这种病毒与其他汉坦病毒的高度分歧也不像食虫目和啮齿目动物之间的差异那么大。
B. Hjelle1;T. Yates2. Modeling Hantavirus Maintenance and Transmission in Rodent Communities. Hantaviruses[M].DE: Springer, 2001: 77-90