摘要
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion level of a low lignin hull, high-oil groat (CDC SO-I) oat on the performance, carcass characteristics and rumen degradation characteristics of feedlot cattle. In the first trial, 200 crossbred steers (average weight of 427.3 ± 22.4 kg) were allocated to 20 pens. Five treatments, formulated by replacing barley with increasing levels of CDC SO-I oat (Barley grain:CDC SO-I oat ratios of 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 0:100 ; DM basis) were used. Four pens were randomly allocated to each treatment diet. Over the entire study there was a linear decrease (P< 0.01) in DMI and ADG with increasing inclusion level of CDC SO-I oat, whereas feed efficiency (gain:feed) decreased (P= 0.03) quadratically. Days on feed also increased (P= 0.03) quadratically for the steers fed the higher levels of CDC SO-I oat. Increasing the inclusion level of CDC SO-I oat in the diet also decreased (P< 0.01) carcass weight, dressing percentage and grade fat linearly. However, there was no effect of treatment on rib eye area and lean yield percentage. There was no significant effect of treatment on marbling score. While the results of this trial point to a negative effect of CDC SO-I oat on finishing performance, there were minimal differences between cattle fed 100% barley as the concentrate versus those fed 75% barley: 25% oat blend. Trial 2 involved a metabolism trial to determine the effect of CDC SO-I oat inclusion level on rumen fermentation parameters of 5 fistulated heifers fed the same diets used in Trial 1. A 5 × 5 Latin square experiment design was used. Rumen degradation parameters (rumen pH, VFA, osmolality and ammonia nitrogen levels) and feeding behavior (time spent eating, ruminating, chewing and drinking) were measured. Mean rumen pH for the barley-based diet was 5.88 which was not different (P> 0.05) than the mean pH of 5.5 for the oat-fed cattle. Treatment did not affect (P> 0.05) time spent below pH cutoff values of 5.8, 5.5 and 5.2. No effect of oat inclusion level (P> 0.05) was observed on total VFA levels, molar proportion of individual fatty acids and osmolality while isobutyrate (P= 0.05) and ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations decreased linearly (P= 0.02) with the higher inclusion of CDC SO-I oat. Time spent eating was linearly (P< 0.01) increased with higher inclusion level of CDC SO-I oat. Over all, the results of this study indicate that the replacement of barley by CDC SO-I oat in finishing diets decreases dry matter intake and as a result leads to reduced ADG, increased days on feed and lower slaughter and carcass weights. The reduced performance might be the result of higher fat content, high hull and/or faster degradation rate of oat starch leading to subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle fed higher levels of oat. However, replacing barley with CDC SO-I oat does not significantly change the rumen environment. The results of this study indicate that CDC SO-I oat can be successfully included up to a maximum level of 25% without any adverse effect on performance and carcass characteristics in the diets of finishing cattle.
摘要译文
进行了两次实验，以评估低木质素船体，高油脂（CDC SO-1）燕麦膳食包涵液对饲料牛的性能，胴体特性和瘤胃降解特性的影响。在第一次试验中，将200帧串联体（平均重量为427.3±22.4千克）分配给20钢。通过更换大麦，随着CDC SO-i Oat水平的增加而制定的五种治疗（大麦颗粒：CDC SO-I燕麦比例为100：0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75和0：100;使用DM基础）。每次治疗饮食都随机分配了四笔。在整个研究中，DMI和ADG中存在线性减少（P <0.01），随着CDC SO-I OAT的增加，而饲料效率（增益：饲料）逐渐降低（p = 0.03）。饲料上的日子也增加了（p = 0.03），对于喂养更高水平的CDC SO-I OAT的阉牛均等增加（p = 0.03）。在饮食中增加CDC SO-I OAT的包容水平也降低（P <0.01）胴体重量，敷料百分比和线性脂肪脂肪。然而，对肋眼区域和贫率百分比没有治疗的影响。在大理石大理石上没有显着的影响。虽然该试验结果对CDC SO-I OAT的负面影响进行了完成性能，但在饲料100％大麦的牛与饲料75％大麦的浓缩物相反，饲喂100％大麦的差异很小：25％燕麦混合物。试验2涉及代谢试验，以确定CDC SO-I燕麦含量含量在喂食试验中使用的相同饮食的5次施用的小型母猪上的瘤胃发酵参数。使用5×5拉丁方实验设计。测量瘤胃降解参数（瘤胃pH值，VFA，渗透压水平）和喂养行为（花费进食，反相，咀嚼和饮用时间）。对于大麦的饮食的平均瘤胃pH值为5.88，而不是燕麦喂养牛的平均pH值为5.88。治疗不影响（p> 0.05）在低于pH截止值5.8,5.5和5.2的时间。在异丁酸酯（P = 0.05）和瘤胃氨氮浓度下线性含量下降（P = 0.02）时，在总VFA水平，单个脂肪酸和渗透压的总VFA水平，单个脂肪酸和渗透压的摩尔比例的情况下没有观察到燕麦酸含量和渗透压的影响CDC So-i Oat。花费时间线性（P <0.01）随着CDC SO-I OAT的较高包容水平而增加。过度所有的结果表明，在整理饮食中，CDC SO-i OAT的大麦的更换降低了干物质摄入量，结果导致饲料和较低的屠宰和胴体重量增加。降低的性能可能是肥胖含量高，燕麦淀粉的高母线和/或更快的降解率，导致牛喂养牛饲料较高的燕麦的亚克力瘤胃中毒。但是，用CDC替换大麦SO-I OAT不会显着改变瘤胃环境。该研究的结果表明，CDC SO-1 OAT可以成功地包括最高25％的最高水平，而没有对整理牛的饮食中的性能和胴体特性的任何不利影响。
Arya, Sushama. Effects of dietary inclusion levels of a low lignin hull, high-oil groat oat on the performance, carcass characteristics and rumen fermentation characteristics of feedlot cattle[D]. CA: University of Saskatchewan, 2010