摘要
The faculty job market plays a fundamental role in shaping research priorities, educational outcomes, and career trajectories among scientists and institutions. However, a quantitative understanding of faculty hiring as a system is lacking. Using a simple technique to extract the institutional prestige ranking that best explains an observed faculty hiring network—who hires whose graduates as faculty—we present and analyze comprehensive placement data on nearly 19,000 regular faculty in three disparate disciplines. Across disciplines, we find that faculty hiring follows a common and steeply hierarchical structure that reflects profound social inequality. Furthermore, doctoral prestige alone better predicts ultimate placement than a U.S. News & World Report rank, women generally place worse than men, and increased institutional prestige leads to increased faculty production, better faculty placement, and a more influential position within the discipline. These results advance our ability to quantify the influence of prestige in academia and shed new light on the academic system.
摘要译文
在确定科研重点，教育成果以及科学家和机构之间的职业发展轨迹方面，教师工作市场起着根本性的作用。但是，缺乏对教师聘用制度的定量理解。使用一种简单的技术来提取机构声望排名，可以最好地解释所观察到的教职员工招聘网络，即招聘毕业生为教职员工的网络。我们提供并分析了三个不同学科中近19,000名常规教职员工的综合安置数据。在所有学科中，我们发现教师的聘用遵循一个共同的，层次分明的结构，反映了深刻的社会不平等。此外，仅凭博士的声望就比《美国新闻与世界报道》的排名更好地预测了最终的排名，女性的排名通常比男性差，而机构的声望的提高则导致教师队伍的增加，教师的职位得到提高以及在该学科中的影响力更大。这些结果提高了我们量化学术界声望影响的能力，并为学术体系提供了新的思路。
Aaron Clauset[1];[2];[3];*; Samuel Arbesman[4]; Daniel B. Larremore[5];[6]. Systematic inequality and hierarchy in faculty hiring networks[J]. Science advances, 2016,1(1): e1400005