摘要
Many dairy cows succumb to disease after calving. Disease risk may be affected by the cows' social environment and ability to perform maternal behaviors. In nature, cattle isolate from others and find seclusion to give birth; these behaviors may be limited in indoor group pens and could potentially affect the cows' ability to cope. The aim was to determine whether stocking density and a physical blind in prepartum bedded-pack group pens affected physiological biomarkers, disease risk, and hygiene of peripartum dairy cows. A randomized complete block designed with a 2 脳 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Approximately 3 wk before calving, 374 cows (primiparous = 127; multiparous = 247) were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatment pens with the following 2 factors: (1) high versus low stocking density (7.7 to 12.9 m2 vs. 15.4 to 25.8 m2 lying space per cow), and (2) presence or absence of a blind. The blind was created using plastic road barriers and plywood, a steel gate, and shade cloth. After calving, cows were moved into a freestall pen and milked 3 times per day. Blood was sampled on the day of enrollment (baseline; 鈭�24 d) and approximately 鈭�14, 鈭�7, 3, 7, 10, and 14 d relative to calving, to measure inflammatory (haptoglobin) and metabolic (nonesterified fatty acids and 尾-hydroxybutyrate) biomarkers. 尾-Hydroxybutyrate (鈮�1.2 mmol/L) was used to diagnose subclinical ketosis. Vaginal discharge was scored 3, 7, 10, and 14 d after calving, to diagnose metritis (none, mild, or severe). Hygiene was scored on 鈭�24, 鈭�14, and 鈭�7 d before calving. Before calving, haptoglobin was lower in pens with a blind. After calving, cows in pens with low stocking density before calving tended to be at greater odds of being diagnosed with metritis. Cows were more likely to have poorer hygiene scores in high stocking density pens. No treatment effects were detected for pre- and postpartum nonesterified fatty acids, 尾-hydroxybutyrate, postpartum haptoglobin, or subclinical ketosis. Results suggest that the provision of a blind and lower stocking density may be beneficial for reducing inflammation before calving. However, low prepartum stocking density might increase the odds of metritis after calving. Although the reason for this paradox is unclear, the effects of prepartum stocking density may require further exploration.
摘要译文
许多乳制品奶牛在犊牛后屈服于疾病。疾病风险可能受到奶牛的社会环境和执行母体行为的能力的影响。本质上，养牛与他人隔离，发现分解出生;这些行为可能有限于室内群笔，可能会影响奶牛的应对能力。目的是判断备用床上包装组钢笔的放养密度和体内盲人是否影响了亨托奶牛的生理生物标志物，疾病风险和卫生。使用具有2÷2因子处理的随机完整块。在产犊前大约3周，374奶牛（初步= 127;多体= 247）随机分配给4个处理笔中的1个，具有以下2个因素：（1）高与低储存密度（7.7至12.9 m 2 与15.4至25.8 m 2 每头牛的空间），和（2）存在或不存在盲人。盲人是使用塑料道路障碍和胶合板，钢门和遮阳布创造的。犊牛后，奶牛被搬进一支弗雷特尔笔，每天挤奶3次。血液在入学日（基线;鈭�24d）和大约鈭114，鈭鈭7,3,7,10和14d相对于犊牛，测量炎症（赤脂蛋白）和代谢（无符合脂肪酸和尾 - 羟基丁酸）生物标志物。尾 - 羟基丁酸酯（铌1.2mmol/ l）用于诊断亚临床酮症。阴道分泌物在削减后得分3,7,10和14d，以诊断细胞炎（无，轻度或严重）。卫生在产犊前鈭鈭24，鈭14和鈭7d得分。在产犊之前，幽灵伯蛋白在盲曲中较低。在产犊后，钢笔的母牛在犊牛之前，持续的母猪倾向于诊断脑炎的几率更大。奶牛更有可能在高山密度钢笔中具有较差的卫生评分。对于预先和产后的脂肪酸，α-羟基丁酸酯，产后哈达氟胺或亚临床酮症，没有检测治疗效果。结果表明，在产犊前，提供盲人和较低的储能密度可能是有益的降低炎症。然而，低预备储能密度可能会增加钙质后细胞炎的几率。虽然该悖论的原因尚不清楚，但预备储存密度的影响可能需要进一步的探索。
K.C.Creutzinger[1];H.M.Dann[2];L.E.Moraes[3];P.D.Krawczel[4][5]. Effects of prepartum stocking density and a blind on physiological biomarkers, health, and hygiene of transition Holstein dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2021,104(1): 886-898