摘要
A cattle-yak, which is a hybrid between a yak (Bos grunniens) and cattle (Bos taurus), is an important livestock animal, but basic questions regarding its physiology and environmental adaptation remain unanswered. To address this issue, the present study examined the species composition and functional characteristics of rumen microorganisms in the cattle-yak of different ages (2 and 3 years old) by metagenomic analysis. We found that rumen microbial community composition was similar at the two ages. Firmicutes, Fibrobacteres, Euryarchaeota, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, with Firmicutes accounting for the highest percentage of bacteria in 2-year-old (48%) and 3-year-old (46%) animals. Bacterial species involved in lignocellulose degradation were detected in the rumen of adult cattle-yaks including Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Prevotella ruminicola, with F. succinogenes being the most abundant. A total of 145,489 genes were annotated according to the Carbohydrate-active Enzyme database, which identified glycoside hydrolases as the most highly represented enzyme family. Further functional annotation revealed specific microflora and genes in the adult rumen that are potentially related to plateau adaptability. These results could explain the heterosis of the cattle-yak and provide insight into mechanisms of physiologic adaptation in plateau animals.
摘要译文
牛y牛是an牛（Bos grunniens）和牛（Bos taurus）的杂种，是重要的牲畜，但有关其生理学和环境适应性的基本问题仍未得到解答。为了解决这个问题，本研究通过宏基因组学分析检查了不同年龄（2岁和3岁）y牛牛瘤胃微生物的种类组成和功能特性。我们发现两个年龄的瘤胃微生物群落组成相似。硬毛菌，纤维杆菌，真细菌，拟杆菌和变形杆菌是主要的菌群，在2岁（48％）和3岁（46％）动物中，菌丝占细菌的最高比例。在成年牛的瘤胃中检测到与木质纤维素降解有关的细菌种类，包括ya牛鲁美球菌，黄Ru鲁美球菌，琥珀酸纤维杆菌和鲁米尼普雷沃菌，ya牛中琥珀酸杆菌的含量最高。根据碳水化合物活性酶数据库，总共注释了145,489个基因，该数据库将糖苷水解酶确定为最能代表的酶家族。进一步的功能注释显示，成年瘤胃中的特定微生物区系和基因可能与高原适应性有关。这些结果可以解释牛y牛的杂种优势，并提供高原动物生理适应机制的见解。
Yuzhu Sha;[1];Jiang Hu;[1];Bingang Shi;[1];Renqing Dingkao;[2];Jiqing Wang;[1];Shaobin Li;[1];Wei Zhang;[1];Yuzhu Luo;[1] and;Xiu Liu[1]. Characteristics and Functions of the Rumen Microbial Community of Cattle-Yak at Different Ages[J]. BioMed Research International, 2020