摘要
The world has recently experienced a decline in male reproductive (e.g. sperm counts and motility) and metabolic (e.g. obesity and diabetes) health. Accumulated evidence from animal models also shows that the metabolic health of the father may influence the metabolic health in his offspring. Vectors for such paternal intergenerational metabolic responses (IGMRs) involve small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that often increase in spermatozoa during the last days of maturation in the epididymis. We and others have shown that the metabolic state – depending on factors such as diet, obesity and physical exercise – may affect sperm quality and sperm sncRNA. Together, this suggests that there are overlapping aetiologies between the male metabolic syndrome, male factor infertility and intergenerational responses. In this review, we present a theoretical framework for an overlap of these aetiologies by exploring the advances in our understanding of the roles of sncRNA in spermatogenesis and offspring development. A special focus will lie on novel findings about tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA), rRNA‐derived small RNA (rsRNA) and small mitochondrial RNA (mitoRNA), and their emerging roles in intergenerational metabolic and reproductive health.
摘要译文
世界最近经历了男性生殖能力的下降（例如精子数量和活力）和新陈代谢（例如肥胖和糖尿病）健康。动物模型的累积证据还表明，父亲的代谢健康可能会影响其后代的代谢健康。这种父代代际代谢反应（IGMR）的载体涉及小的非编码RNA（sncRNA），在附睾成熟的最后几天，精子中常增加这些精子。我们和其他人表明，取决于饮食，肥胖和体育锻炼等因素，新陈代谢状态可能会影响精子质量和精子sncRNA。总之，这表明男性代谢综合症，男性因素不育和代际反应之间存在重叠的病因。在这篇综述中，我们通过探索对sncRNA在精子发生和后代发育中作用的理解的进展，提出了这些病因学重叠的理论框架。特别关注的将是关于tRNA衍生的小RNA（tsRNA），rRNA衍生的小RNA（rsRNA）和线粒体小RNA（mitoRNA）的新发现，以及它们在世代间代谢和生殖健康中的新兴作用。
D. Nätt[1];A. Öst[1]. Male reproductive health and intergenerational metabolic responses from a small RNA perspective[J]. Journal of Internal Medicine, 2020,288(3): 305-320