摘要
This study was conducted to make on-site survey on the output pattern and utilization situation of 19 by-products selected, to evaluate their nutritional characteristics, to find out a reliable index with which digestion of by-products can be predicted on the basis of chemical compositions analyzed and to diagnose the risk of using book values in the absence of the actual values analyzed for diet formulation. Production and utilization situations of by-products were quite various. Nutritionally, fruit processing by-products such as apple pomace (AP), pear pomace (PP), grape pomace (GP), and persimmon peel (PSP), and bakery by-products (BB) were classified as energy feeds. Soybean curd meal (SCM), animal by- products such as blood (BD), feather meal (FM) and poultry by-products (PB), and activated milk processing sludge (AMS) were classified as protein feeds. Soy hulls (SH), spent mushroom compost (SMC), barley malt hulls (BMH), waste paper (WP) and broiler litter (BL) were classified as roughage. Rumen contents (RC) and restaurant food waste (FW) were nutritionally analogous to complete diets for cattle and swine, respectively. Compared to soybean meal (SBM), BD and FM contained high (P<0.05) levels of amino acids and barley malt sprouts (BMS), AMS and FW contained low (P<0.05) levels of amino acids. Enzymatic (pepsin) digestibilities of proteinaceous feeds ranged between 99 and 66%. In vitro DM digestibility was high (P<0.05) in the order of FW, BB, AP, SH, PP, PSP, BMH, BMS, SCM, GP, RC, PB, BL, WP, SMC, AMS, FM and BD. In vitro DM digestibility had the highest correlation (r=0.68) with nonfibrous carbohydrate among chemical components. Differences between analyzed values of chemical components and book values were considerable. Caution is required in using book values when large amount of by-products are used in diets.
摘要译文
进行这项研究的目的是对所选的19种副产品的生产模式和利用情况进行现场调查，以评估其营养特性，从而找到可用于预测副产品消化的可靠指标。化学成分分析，并在缺乏饮食配方实际值分析的情况下诊断使用账面价值的风险。副产品的生产和利用情况千差万别。从营养上讲，水果加工副产品，例如苹果渣（AP），梨渣（PP），葡萄渣（GP）和柿子皮（PSP）以及烘焙副产品（BB）被列为能源饲料。大豆凝乳粉（SCM），动物副产品（例如血液）（BD），羽毛粉（FM）和家禽副产品（PB）以及活性奶加工污泥（AMS）被分类为蛋白质饲料。大豆壳（SH），废蘑菇堆肥（SMC），大麦麦芽壳（BMH），废纸（WP）和肉鸡垫料（BL）被分类为粗饲料。瘤胃含量（RC）和饭店食物垃圾（FW）在营养上分别类似于牛和猪的日粮。与豆粕（SBM）相比，BD和FM氨基酸含量高（P <0.05），大麦芽（BMS），AMS和FW氨基酸含量低（P <0.05）。蛋白质饲料的酶（胃蛋白酶）消化率在99％到66％之间。体外DM消化率高（P <0.05），依次为FW，BB，AP，SH，PP，PSP，BMH，BMS，SCM，GP，RC，PB，BL，WP，SMC，AMS，FM和BD 。体外DM消化率与化学成分中非纤维碳水化合物的相关性最高（r = 0.68）。化学成分的分析值与帐面值之间的差异很大。在饮食中使用大量副产品时，在使用账面价值时必须谨慎。