摘要
The role of inflammatory mediators in the central nervous system (CNS) has been investigated in different types of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Interestingly, these inflammatory mediators have a dual role in both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes, upregulating and suppressing cellular damage in injury sites, respectively. Immediately upon injury or stress, the first and foremost responses are initiated by immune cells in the brain called microglia. Inflammation causes positive and negative symptoms in the periphery and CNS. In the CNS, inflammation is called neuroinflammation. Periphery inflammation could affect the CNS and induce neurological problems. For example, gut microbiota (GM) are present in the human intestine. The connection between GM and inflammation was found in AD. Recently, H. Shen et al. (2020) investigated inflammatory response activated by NLRP3 inflammasome which reaches the brain through circulation. This NLRP3 inflammasome could trigger microglial activation and form the pathological progression of AD. This article suggested that neuroinflammation could be triggered through periphery infections. Y. Wang et al. (2019) reported that neuroinflammation has the main role in the pathogenesis of AD, cerebral ischemia, and PD by CysLT1 and CysLT2 modulate inflammation during brain injury conditions. These are the possible targets for reducing inflammation.
摘要译文
在各种类型的神经退行性疾病中，例如阿尔茨海默氏病（AD），帕金森氏病（PD）和亨廷顿氏病（HD），已经研究了炎症介质在中枢神经系统（CNS）中的作用。有趣的是，这些炎性介质在促炎和抗炎过程中均具有双重作用，分别上调和抑制损伤部位的细胞损伤。受伤或承受压力时，首先和最重要的反应是由大脑中称为小胶质细胞的免疫细胞引发的。炎症会引起周围和中枢神经系统的阳性和阴性症状。在中枢神经系统中，炎症称为神经炎症。周围炎症可能影响中枢神经系统并引起神经系统问题。例如，人体肠道中存在肠道菌群（GM）。在AD中发现了GM与炎症之间的联系。最近，H。Shen等人。 （2020）研究了NLRP3炎性体激活的炎症反应，该炎症体通过循环到达大脑。这种NLRP3炎性体可能触发小胶质细胞活化并形成AD的病理进展。本文认为，神经炎症可能是由周围感染引起的。 Y. Wang等。 （2019年）报道，CysLT1和CysLT2在脑损伤状态下的炎症反应中，神经炎症在AD，脑缺血和PD的发病机理中起主要作用。这些是减少炎症的可能目标。
Sangu Muthuraju; Rahimah Zakaria; Mohan Kumar Muthu Karuppan; Badriya Al-Rahbi. The Role of Neuroinflammation in Cellular Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases[J]. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2020,2020