摘要
Convergent adaptation is the independent evolution of similar traits conferring a fitness advantage in two or more lineages. Cases of convergent adaptation inform our ideas about the ecological and molecular basis of adaptation. In judging the degree to which putative cases of convergent adaptation provide an independent replication of the process of adaptation, it is necessary to establish the degree to which the evolutionary change is unexpected under null models and to show that selection has repeatedly, independently driven these changes. Here, we discuss the issues that arise from these questions particularly for closely related populations, where gene flow and standing variation add additional layers of complexity. We outline a conceptual framework to guide intuition as to the extent to which evolutionary change represents the independent gain of information owing to selection and show that this is a measure of how surprised we should be by convergence. Additionally, we summarize the ways population and quantitative genetics and genomics may help us address questions related to convergent adaptation, as well as open new questions and avenues of research.
摘要译文
趋同适应是相似性状的独立进化，可在两个或多个谱系中赋予适应性优势。趋同适应的案例告诉我们有关适应的生态和分子基础的观点。在判断趋同适应的假定案例在多大程度上提供了适应过程的独立复制时，有必要确定在零模型下进化变化是出乎意料的程度，并表明选择反复，独立地驱动了这些变化。在这里，我们讨论了由这些问题引起的问题，特别是对于紧密相关的人群，在这些人群中基因流和站立变异增加了额外的复杂性。我们概述了一个概念框架，以指导直觉判断进化变化在多大程度上代表由于选择而带来的信息的独立获取，并表明这是一种衡量我们应如何收敛的度量。此外，我们总结了种群，定量遗传学和基因组学可以帮助我们解决与聚合适应有关的问题，以及开辟新的问题和研究途径的方式。
Kristin M. Lee[1];Graham Coop[1];Kristin M. Lee[2];Graham Coop[2]. Population genomics perspectives on convergent adaptation[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019,374(1777)