摘要
From the 1940s, reproductive physiology and livestock genetics transformed dairy cattle breeding and became, in conjunction with the new reproductive technology of artificial insemination, important drivers of agricultural modernization in most countries with significant dairying. While this is well known, we know less about the longer-term interplay between specifically veterinary interests in reproduction and the institutional development of cattle breeding. In the present paper, I therefore examine the veterinary disciplining of cattle reproduction—its constitution as a veterinary scientific discipline and the extension of veterinary control over it—in mid-twentieth century Sweden. I show how veterinary scientists derived legitimacy for their fledgling discipline by engaging with the problems of practical breeding, and that in doing so they also exercised influence over breeding’s development. By making bulls’ reproductive disturbances visible and framing them as hereditary, they undermined the conservative interests of commercial breeders. The development of veterinary reproductive science thereby played an important role in reshaping the culture, economy, and regulations of cattle breeding in Sweden as it shifted from a prewar regime dominated by elite breeders to a postwar regime that, ostensibly, served all dairy farmers in the country.
摘要译文
从1940年代开始，生殖生理学和家畜遗传学改变了奶牛的繁殖方式，并与人工授精的新生殖技术相结合，成为了大多数拥有大量奶业的国家农业现代化的重要动力。尽管这是众所周知的，但我们对专门的兽医对繁殖的兴趣与牛育种的制度发展之间的长期相互作用却知之甚少。因此，在本篇论文中，我考察了20世纪中叶瑞典关于牛繁殖的兽医规程（其作为兽医科学学科的构成以及对它的兽医控制的扩展）。我将展示兽医科学家如何通过解决实际育种问题来为其羽翼未丰的学科取得合法性，并且他们在这样做的过程中还对育种的发展产生了影响。通过使公牛的生殖失调可见并将其定为遗传，它们破坏了商业繁殖者的保守利益。因此，兽医生殖科学的发展在重塑瑞典养牛业的文化，经济和法规方面发挥了重要作用，因为它已从战前由精英育种者主导的政权转变为战后政权，表面上服务于瑞典的所有奶农。国家。
KarlBruno[a][b]. Disciplining cattle reproduction: Veterinary reproductive science, bull infertility, and the mid-twentieth century transformation of Swedish dairy cattle breeding[J]. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 2020,84: 106-118