摘要
A 1-year-old Maltese–Poodle mixed breed dog was referred to the cardiology service because of severe exercise intolerance and daily exercise-induced syncopal episodes. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities. Echocardiography showed intermittent underfilling of the heart. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a segmental aplasia of the caudal vena cava between the kidneys and the liver, and azygos continuation of the cava. The azygos vein dorsal to the right kidney showed a severe aneurysm with stasis of blood. Computed tomographic angiography showed that the right crus of the diaphragm was probably responsible for the intermittent compression of the dilated azygos vein, which was thought to have subsequently led to insufficient venous return to the heart. The underfilled ventricles could not produce sufficient cardiac output, which caused the assumed cerebral hypoperfusion due to presumed systemic arterial hypotension. Under general anesthesia a self-expanding nitinol stent was implanted into the azygos vein at the level of the diaphragm. All clinical signs resolved immediately after surgery. The dog remained free from clinical signs (6 months after surgery). This is the first report that describes the successful treatment of this congenital vascular anomaly. Ultrasonography of the caudal vena cava should be performed in dogs with unexplained syncope.
摘要译文
由于严重的运动不耐受和日常运动引起的临时发作，因此将一名1岁的马耳他 - 胡椒混合犬混合犬被转介到心脏病服务。体格检查显示没有异常。超声心动图显示心脏间歇性底漆。腹部超声检查表明，肾脏和肝脏之间的尾腔静脉的分段性，以及Cava的azygos延续。右肾的背侧叶绿素静脉表现出严重的动脉瘤，血液停滞。计算机断层造影的血管造影表明，隔膜的正确CR可能导致扩张的Azygos静脉的间歇性压缩，这被认为导致静脉恢复不足。填充的心室无法产生足够的心输出量，这导致由于假定的全身性动脉低血压引起的假定脑灌注不足。在全身麻醉下，将自膨胀的硝基支架植入了diaphragm的水平上的氮杂静脉中。手术后立即解决所有临床体征。狗没有临床体征（手术后6个月）。这是描述该先天性血管异常的成功治疗的第一份报告。尾腔静脉的超声检查应在具有无法解释的晕厥的狗中进行。
Viktor Szatmári; Henk van den Broek; Abraham N. Calero Rodriguez. Resolution of Exercised-Induced Syncope After Stenting of the Azygos Vein in a Dog with Segmental Aplasia and Azygos Continuation of the Levopositioned Caudal Vena Cava[J]. Animals, 2025,15(5): 722