摘要
【ABSTRACT】Previous observations of Rio Sao Francisco piranhas (Pygocentrus piraya) at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo revealed frequent aggressive interactions, which were associated with the injury and death of some individuals. Fishes are known to increase aggressive behavior when available space is limited. We compared the behavior of the piranhas longitudinally across three different space/density conditions: (1) in a group held in a small aquarium before the death of one individual, (2) in the same group after the death of one individual, (3) and in one individual of the group after it was later moved into a larger, multispecies aquarium. In the smaller aquarium, individuals maintained stable positions in the tank and remained inactive except to behave aggressively toward each other, retreat, or feed when food was offered. After the death of one individual, aggression decreased significantly but so did overall activity, including swimming behavior. After one individual was moved to a larger aquarium, it exhibited a striking increase in the amount of time spent swimming. Our data suggest that the well‐being of P. piraya, and possibly other species of piranhas, might be better in large aquariums than in the small single‐species exhibits often used in zoos and public aquariums. This study takes an important step in addressing the psychological and social well‐being of bony fishes, an underrepresented area of research in zoos and aquariums.
摘要译文
【摘要】先前对克利夫兰Metroparks Zoo的Rio Sao Francisco Piranhas（Pygocentrus piraya）的观察结果揭示了频繁的侵略性相互作用，这与某些人的伤害和死亡有关。已知鱼类在可用空间受到限制时会增加侵略性行为。我们在三个不同的空间/密度条件下纵向比较了Piranhas的行为：（1）在一个人死亡之前，在一个小水族馆中固定在一个小水族馆中，（2）在一个人死后，（3），（3），在该组后，该组后来将其转移到一个较大的多种水族馆中。在较小的水族馆中，个人在坦克中保持稳定的位置，并且在提供食物时彼此互动，撤退或饲料表现不佳。一个人死亡后，侵略性显着降低，但总体活动（包括游泳行为）也有所下降。一个人转移到更大的水族馆后，它在游泳的时间上表现出了惊人的增加。我们的数据表明，在大型水族馆中，P. piraya和可能其他种类的Piraya的福祉可能比在Zoos和公共水族馆中经常使用的小型单物种展品更好。这项研究迈出了重要的一步，以解决骨鱼的心理和社会福祉，这是一个动物园和水族馆的研究领域不足的领域。
Ronald G. Oldfield (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3947) [1];Josie E. Thal [2];Nick J. Zarlinga [3];Kristen E. Lukas [4];Jason D. Wark [5];. Behavior of Rio Sao Francisco Piranhas in Response to Changes in Space and Density[J]. Zoo Biology, 2025,44(3): 271-282