摘要
Many wildlife use industries are facing criticism from animal welfare groups. In some recent cases, opposition to contentious practices (e.g., kangaroo [Macropus spp.] harvesting) has achieved widespread community support and industries have lost market access or regulatory approval. The concept of social license to operate has become an important focus for many natural resource management fields, but there is ostensibly less awareness of its role in animal industries. To regard this contemporary threat to traditional wildlife management as more than inexplicable requires some delving into social sciences. We use the example of the declining harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) harvest in Canada to illustrate how poorly addressed animal welfare concerns can erode social license and decimate even ecologically sustainable wildlife use enterprises. We argue that other consumptive wildlife use industries, such as North American fur harvesting and kangaroo harvesting in Australia are at risk of loss of social license if animal welfare concerns are not addressed proactively and effectively. When faced with opposition from animal advocacy groups, many wildlife use industries have traditionally been reactive and have been reluctant to engage with stakeholders who possess seemingly irreconcilable differences. Instead, industries have often resorted to secrecy or deception, or have steadfastly defended their current approaches while attacking their critics. We suggest that a more effective approach would be for industries to proactively engage with stakeholders, establish a shared vision for how their industry should operate, and support this vision by transparently monitoring animal welfare outcomes. Proactive management of community expectations surrounding animal welfare is essential for the maintenance of social license for wildlife use enterprises. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
摘要译文
许多野生动植物使用行业正面临动物福利团体的批评。在最近的一些案例中，反对有争议的做法（例如，袋鼠[Macropus spp。]收获）已经获得了广泛的社区支持，而且行业已经失去了市场准入或监管部门的批准。社会经营许可证的概念已成为许多自然资源管理领域的重点，但表面上对其在动物产业中的作用的认识却较低。将传统野生动物管理的当代威胁视为莫名其妙，需要深入研究社会科学。我们以加拿大下降的竖琴海豹（Pagophilus groenlandicus）收获为例，说明动物福利问题如何能够侵蚀社会许可，甚至毁灭生态可持续的野生动植物使用企业。我们认为，如果没有积极有效地解决动物福利问题，其他消费性野生动物使用的行业，例如澳大利亚的北美毛皮采伐和袋鼠捕获，都有可能丧失社会许可证。当面对动物保护团体的反对时，许多野生动物使用行业传统上都是被动的，并且不愿意与拥有看似不可调和的差异的利益相关者进行接触。相反，行业经常采取保密或欺骗手段，或在攻击批评者的同时坚定地捍卫他们目前的做法。我们建议，一种更有效的方法是让行业主动与利益相关方接触，建立行业应如何运作的共同愿景，并通过透明监控动物福利结果来支持这一愿景。积极管理社区对动物福利的期望对于维持野生动植物使用企业的社会许可至关重要。 ©2018野生动物协会。
Jordan O. Hampton[1];Katherine Teh‐White[2]. Animal welfare, social license, and wildlife use industries[J]. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 2019,83(1): 12-21