摘要
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural by-products of cellular metabolism and are also formed in response to environmental stressors such as pollution, extreme temperatures, and ultraviolet radiation exposure. Physiological factors such as intense activity, growth, reproduction, nutrient deficiency, captivity, and disease also contribute to ROS production. While ROS, including free radicals, play a key role in cell physiology, including immune defense, their excessive accumulation can damage cellular components and cause oxidative stress when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed. To regulate ROS levels, wild birds rely on enzymatic (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E, carotenoids). Oxidative stress affects important aspects of wild bird biology, including health, reproduction, and survival, and is closely linked to overall fitness. It is also linked to physiological challenges such as migration and the progression of various diseases affecting wild bird populations. The study of oxidative stress in wild birds requires the use of appropriate biomarkers to assess its role in disease development. A deeper understanding of the balance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses is essential to determine how wild birds cope with environmental and physiological challenges. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in wild birds and the role of antioxidants in maintaining health and promoting longevity in wild bird populations.
摘要译文
活性氧（ROS）是细胞代谢的天然副产物，也是根据环境压力源（例如污染，极端温度和紫外线辐射暴露）形成的。生理因素，例如激烈的活性，生长，繁殖，营养缺乏，圈养和疾病，也有助于ROS产生。尽管包括自由基在内的ROS在包括免疫防御在内的细胞生理中起关键作用，但当抗氧化剂防御量不堪重负时，它们的过度积累会损害细胞成分并引起氧化应激。为了调节ROS水平，野生鸟依赖于酶促（例如，过氧化氢酶，超氧化物歧化酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）和非酶抗氧化剂（例如维生素C和E，类胡萝卜素）。氧化应激会影响野生鸟类生物学的重要方面，包括健康，繁殖和生存，并与整体适应性密切相关。它也与生理挑战有关，例如迁移和影响野生鸟类种群的各种疾病的进展。野生鸟类氧化应激的研究需要使用适当的生物标志物来评估其在疾病发展中的作用。对ROS产生和抗氧化剂防御之间的平衡有更深入的了解对于确定野生鸟如何应对环境和生理挑战至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了野生鸟类氧化应激的机制，以及抗氧化剂在维持健康和促进野生鸟类种群中的寿命方面的作用。
Siniša Faraguna (https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9397-5680) [1];Suzana Milinković Tur [2];Sandra Sobočanec (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-6009) [3];Marija Pinterić (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-0237) [4];Maja Belić [5];. Assessment of Oxidative Stress and Associated Biomarkers in Wild Avian Species[J]. Animals, 2025,15(9): 1203