摘要
The process of artificial insemination in cattle is commonly taught using excised reproductive tracts. Excised reproductive tracts can be difficult to collect, and often require freezing and thawing prior to use; however, they are an effective tool to teach artificial insemination (AI) techniques. As an alternative tool, 3D printed cervixes were created using NinjaFlex filament in a Flashforge Creator Pro Dual Extrusion Printer. Designs of cervixes were created with a 3D CAD software while MATLAB was used to generate the random placement of the cervical ring openings to model biological diversity. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of using a 3D printed cervix compared with an excised reproductive tract to teach AI in cattle. Data were collected via surveys for 120 students from 2016 through 2019. Students were divided in two groups prior to entering live animals: 1) Excised reproductive tract and 2) 3D Cervix. The excised reproductive tracts were previously collected, preserved, and confirmed passable by instructors. The 3D cervix group included 3D cervixes mounted in a bovine pelvis inside a box. Overall, 88% of students had success passing the cervix in the cow by the third day. Eighty-seven percent of students thought the excised tracts felt somewhat similar to a live cow, compared with 54% who thought the 3D cervixes alone felt similar to a live cow. When the 3D cervixes were mounted in the box, 17/20 students thought they felt similar to a live cow. For learning AI techniques, 12/21 students thought the excised tracts were more helpful than the 3D cervixes alone (5/21); however, when the 3D cervixes were mounted in the pelvic boxes, 11/21 students preferred this setup compared with the excised tracts (6/21 students). Student feedback suggests the 3D cervixes mounted in pelvic boxes are a useful tool for teaching artificial insemination techniques.
摘要译文
通常使用切除的生殖道教授牛的人工授精过程。切除的生殖道可能很难收集，并且通常需要冻结和融化；但是，它们是教授人工授精（AI）技术的有效工具。作为替代工具，使用Flashforge Creator Pro双重挤出打印机中的Ninjaflex丝创建了3D打印子宫颈。用3D CAD软件创建了子宫颈的设计，而MATLAB则用于生成宫颈环开口的随机放置以建模生物学多样性。目的是确定使用3D打印子宫颈的有效性，而切除的生殖道则在牛中教AI。从2016年到2019年的120名学生通过调查收集数据。在进入活体动物之前，学生分为两组：1）切除的生殖道和2）3D子宫颈。先前收集，保存并确认了切除的生殖道。 3D子宫颈组包括安装在牛骨盆中的3D子宫颈。总体而言，在第三天，有88％的学生成功地通过了牛的子宫颈。 87％的学生认为切除的土地感觉与活牛有点相似，而54％的学生认为仅3D子宫颈就会感觉与活牛相似。当将3D子宫颈安装在盒子里时，有17/20学生认为他们感觉与活牛相似。为了学习AI技术，12/21学生认为切除的区域比仅3D子宫颈（5/21）更有帮助。但是，当将3D子宫颈安装在骨盆盒中时，与切除的区域（6/21学生）相比，11/21学生更喜欢这种设置。学生反馈表明，安装在骨盆盒中的3D子宫颈是教授人工授精技术的有用工具。
Esther D McCabe; Lane P Sorell; Meng Zhang; Ashley Hartman; Karol E Fike; Kenneth G Odde; ; David M Grieger. 71 Imitating the dynamic bovine cervix with 3D printing technology to teach artificial insemination in cattle[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2020,98(Sup3)