期刊文献

Chains of Commerce: A Comprehensive Review of Animal Welfare Impacts in the International Wildlife Trade 收藏

商业链：对国际野生动植物贸易的动物福利影响的全面审查

原文求助发布源

作者

Helen Lambert (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1530-0033) [1];Angie Elwin (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-3295) [2];Délagnon Assou (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-1452) [3];Mark Auliya [4];Lauren A. Harrington (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7212-2336) [5];Alice C. Hughes [6];Aniruddha Mookerjee [7];Tom Moorhouse [8];Gohar A. Petrossian (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-2833) [9];Evan Sun [10];Clifford Warwick (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-6096) [11];Özgün Emre Can (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-5386) [12];Neil D’Cruze [13];

作者单位

[1]Animal Welfare Consultancy, Newton Abbot TQ12 3BW, UK; [2]World Animal Protection, 222 Greys Inn Road, London WC1X 8HB, UK; [3]Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LaEE), University of Lomé, Lomé 01 BP 1515, Togo; [4]Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig of the Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, 53113 Bonn, Germany; [5]Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Tubney OX13 5QL, UK; [6]School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; [7]Independent Researcher, 11/4 Baherakhar, Malajkhand, Balaghat 481116, India; [8]Oxford Wildlife Research, 64 Charles Street, Oxford OX4 3AS, UK; [9]John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA; [10]World Animal Protection, 222 Greys Inn Road, London WC1X 8HB, UK; [11]Emergent Disease Foundation, 71–75 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9JQ, UK; [12]Department of Biology, Ankara University, Dögol Street, Ankara 06100, Turkey; [13]World Animal Protection, 222 Greys Inn Road, London WC1X 8HB, UK;

发布日期

2025-3-27

页码

971

DOI

10.3390/ani15070971

来源信息

Animals ISSN：2076-2615, 2025年, 15卷, 7期, 971页

摘要

The commercial wildlife trade involves billions of animals each year, consumed for various purposes, including food, fashion, entertainment, traditional medicine, and pets. The experiences of the animals involved vary widely, with negative welfare states being commonplace. To highlight the broad scope of animal welfare impacts across the commercial wildlife trade, we present ten case studies featuring a range of species traded globally for different purposes: (1) Ball pythons captured and farmed to serve as pets; (2) Zebrafish captive bred to serve as pets; (3) African Grey Parrots taken from the wild for the pet industry; (4) Sharks de-finned for traditional medicine; (5) Pangolins hunted for traditional medicine; (6) Crickets farmed for food and feed; (7) Frogs wild-caught for the frog-leg trade; (8) Crocodilians killed for their skins; (9) Lions farmed and killed for tourism; and (10) Elephants held captive for tourism. The case studies demonstrate that wild animals commercially traded can suffer from negative welfare states ranging from chronic stress and depression to frustration and extreme hunger. The individuals involved range from hundreds to billions, and their suffering can last a lifetime. Given the welfare issues identified and the growing recognition and scientific evidence for animal sentience, we propose reducing and redirecting consumer demand for these consumptive wildlife practices that negatively impact animals.

摘要译文

商业野生动植物贸易每年涉及数十亿只动物，用于各种目的，包括食物，时尚，娱乐，传统医学和宠物。涉及的动物的经历差异很大，负面的福利国家很普遍。为了强调整个商业野生动植物贸易的动物福利影响的广泛范围，我们提出了十项案例研究，这些案例研究以各种目的为全球贸易的物种，（1）被捕获和耕种的球蟒；（2）斑马鱼圈养饲养，用作宠物；（3）宠物行业野外捕获的非洲灰鹦鹉；（4）为传统医学而被罚款；（5）穿山甲被猎杀的传统医学；（6）为食物和饲料而耕种的板球；（7）青蛙从事青蛙贸易的野外；（8）鳄鱼因皮肤而杀死；（9）狮子被耕种和杀害旅游；（10）大象被俘虏进行旅游业。案例研究表明，商业上野生动物可能会遭受负面的福利状态，从慢性压力和抑郁到沮丧和极端饥饿。参与的个人不等数百到数十亿美元，他们的痛苦可以持续一生。鉴于确定的福利问题以及对动物知觉的越来越多的认可和科学证据，我们建议减少和重定向消费者对这些消费性野生动植物实践的需求，从而对动物产生负面影响。