摘要
The study of bacteriocins has significantly enhanced our understanding of microbial interactions, notably within the genus Streptococcus. Among the most functionally diverse and clinically relevant bacteriocins are those belonging to the lantibiotic class, which exhibit potent antimicrobial properties and are central to the competitive dynamics of streptococcal species. This review focuses on the discovery and characterization of bacteriocins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus salivarius, emphasizing their biological significance within their exclusive human host. A cornerstone of these studies has been the development and application of the pioneer agar culture-based bacteriocin detection methodology, known as streptococcal bacteriocin fingerprinting. This approach has proven invaluable for the initial detection and differentiation of a wide array of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) in streptococcal populations. A central theme of this review is the diverse biological roles of lantibiotics in S. pyogenes and S. salivarius, particularly in relation to microbial competition, colonization dynamics, and host interactions. The expression of lantibiotic determinants provides distinct advantages to the producing strain, including enhanced niche establishment and the ability to suppress competing microbes. Furthermore, the presence of specific lantibiotic immunity mechanisms safeguards the producer from self-inhibition and potential antagonism from closely related competitors. In S. pyogenes, lantibiotic production has been implicated in virulence modulation, raising important questions about its role in pathogenicity and host immune evasion. Conversely, S. salivarius, a prominent commensal and probiotic candidate species, utilizes its lantibiotic arsenal to confer colonization benefits and mediate beneficial interactions, especially within the oral and upper respiratory tract microbiomes. The implications of in situ lantibiotic expression extend beyond microbial ecology, presenting opportunities for innovative probiotic and therapeutic applications. The potential for harnessing bacteriocin-producing streptococci in antimicrobial interventions, particularly in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens, underscores the translational relevance of these findings. This review integrates historical and contemporary perspectives on streptococcal bacteriocin research, providing insights into future avenues for leveraging these bioactive peptides in clinical and biotechnological contexts.
摘要译文
细菌素的研究显着增强了我们对微生物相互作用的理解，特别是在链球菌属内。功能最多样化和临床上相关的细菌素是属于甘西生酰生物类别的细菌素，它们具有有效的抗菌特性，对链球菌物种的竞争动力学至关重要。这篇综述的重点是化脓性链球菌和唾液链球菌产生的细菌素的发现和表征，强调了它们在其独家人类宿主中的生物学意义。这些研究的基石是开发和应用基于先驱琼脂基的细菌菌素检测方法，称为链球菌细菌菌蛋白指纹识别。事实证明，这种方法对于链球菌种群中各种细菌素样抑制物质（BLI）的初始检测和分化非常宝贵。这篇综述的一个核心主题是甘西丁氏菌在链霉菌和唾液链球菌中的多种生物学作用，尤其是与微生物竞争，殖民化动力学和宿主相互作用有关的生物学作用。盐脂决定因素的表达为生产菌株提供了明显的优势，包括增强的利基建立和抑制竞争微生物的能力。此外，特定的甘抗生物免疫机制的存在保护了生产者免受紧密相关竞争者的自我抑制和潜在的拮抗作用。在化脓性链球菌中，盐脂型的产生与毒力调节有关，引发了有关其在致病性和宿主免疫逃避的作用的重要问题。相反，唾液链球菌是一种突出的共生和益生菌候选物种，它利用其富有盐脂动物来赋予定殖益处并介导有益的相互作用，尤其是在口腔和上呼吸道微生物中。原位lant酰生物表达的含义超出了微生物生态，为创新的益生菌和治疗应用提供了机会。利用抗菌干预措施中产生细菌蛋白链球菌的潜力，尤其是在对抗抗生素耐药的病原体方面，可以强调这些发现的转化相关性。这篇综述综合了有关链球菌细菌素研究的历史和当代观点，为在临床和生物技术环境中利用这些生物活性肽的未来途径提供了见解。
John R. Tagg (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-6579) [1];John D. F. Hale (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-6000) [2];Liam K. Harold (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-7348) [3];. BLIS Fingerprinting as a Tool to Investigate the Distribution and Significance of Bacteriocin Production and Immunity in Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus salivarius[J]. Applied Microbiology, 2025,5(2): 49