摘要
Diet is known to modulate immune functions in multiple ways and to affect host resistance to infections. Besides the essential nutrients, non-essential food constituents such as non-digestible carbohydrates may also have an impact on the immune system, especially in the area of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Recent data now provide first evidence that prebiotics such as inulin/oligofructose (IN/OF) modulate functions of the immune system. In animal studies IN/OF primarily activated immune cells in Peyer's patches including IL-10 production and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Other immune functions modulated by IN/OF included the concentration of secretory IgA in ileum and caecum, splenic NK cell cytotoxicity as well as splenocyte cytokine production. In different tumour models, a lower incidence of tumours was observed, which in the case of colonic tumours was associated with enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity in the GALT. Few human studies so far have investigated the effects of IN/OF alone or in combination with other dietary supplements on immunocompetence. Supplementation of IN/OF resulted in minor changes of systemic immune functions such as decrease in phagocytic activity. No data are available on the effects of IN/OF on the GALT in man. The mechanisms of the reported effects of IN/OF on the immune system are currently investigated and include: (i) direct effects of lactic acid-producing bacteria or bacterial constituents on immune cells; (ii) the production of SCFA and binding to SCFA receptors on leucocytes. In conclusion, the current data suggest that IN/OF primarily modulate immune parameters in the GALT, but splenocytes are also activated by IN/OF. Human studies are needed to find out whether IN/OF have the potential to modulate systemic immunity in wellnourished individuals and to lower the risk of diseases such as colon cancer.
摘要译文
已知饮食以多种方式调节免疫功能并影响宿主对感染的抵抗力。除必需营养素外，非必需食物成分如非消化性碳水化合物也可能对免疫系统产生影响，特别是在肠道相关淋巴组织（GALT）区域。最近的数据现在首次证明益生元如菊粉/低聚果糖（IN / OF）调节免疫系统的功能。在动物研究中，IN / OF主要激活Peyer氏斑中的免疫细胞，包括IL-10产生和自然杀伤（NK）细胞的细胞毒性。由IN / OF调节的其他免疫功能包括回肠和盲肠中分泌型IgA的浓度，脾NK细胞的细胞毒性以及脾细胞细胞因子的产生。在不同的肿瘤模型中，观察到较低的肿瘤发生率，其在结肠肿瘤的情况下与GALT中增强的NK细胞细胞毒性相关。到目前为止，很少有人类研究调查IN / OF单独或与其他膳食补充剂组合对免疫能力的影响。补充IN / OF导致全身免疫功能的微小变化，例如吞噬活性的降低。没有关于IN / OF对人体GALT影响的数据。目前正在研究IN / OF对免疫系统影响的机制，包括：（i）产乳酸菌或细菌成分对免疫细胞的直接影响; （ii）产生SCFA并与白细胞上的SCFA受体结合。总之，目前的数据表明IN / OF主要调节GALT中的免疫参数，但脾细胞也被IN / OF激活。需要人体研究来确定IN / OF是否有可能调节营养良好的个体的全身免疫力并降低结肠癌等疾病的风险。
Bernhard Watzl (a1); Stephanie Girrbach;Monika Roller. Inulin, oligofructose and immunomodulation[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 2005,93(Sup1): S49-S55