摘要
The effects of three different feeding systems on beef cattle production performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen digesta particle structure were investigated by using 18 Limousin (steers) with a similar body weight () in a 80-d experiment. The animals were equally and randomly divided into three treatment groups, namely, total mixed ration group (cattle fed TMR), SI1 group (cattle fed concentrate firstly then roughage), and SI2 group (cattle fed roughage firstly then concentrate). The results showed that the average daily gain was significantly higher in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). Consumption per kg weight gain of concentrate, silage, and combined net energy (NEmf) were significantly decreased when cattle received TMR, unlike when they received SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05), indicating that the feed efficiency of TMR was the highest. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly decreased when cattle received TMR compared with that in cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference compared with that in cattle receiving SI2. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). The rumen area of cattle that received TMR was significantly larger than that of cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), but there was no difference compared with that of cattle receiving SI2. Although there was no significant difference among the three feeding systems in rumen digesta particle distribution, the TMR group trended to have fewer large- and medium-sized particles and more small-sized particles than those in the SI1 and SI2 groups. In conclusion, cattle with dietary TMR showed increased weight gain and ruminal development and decreased BUN. This indicated that TMR feeding was more conducive toward improving the production performance and rumen fermentation of beef cattle.
摘要译文
三种不同饲喂系统对肉牛生产性能，瘤胃发酵的影响，在80天的实验中，通过使用18具有相似体重的利木赞（阉牛）来研究和瘤胃消化物颗粒结构。将动物平均随机分成三个处理组，即总混合日粮组（牛饲喂TMR），SI1组（牛饲喂浓缩物，然后粗饲料），和SI2组（牛饲喂粗饲料，然后浓缩）。结果显示，接受TMR的牛的平均日增重显着高于接受SI1和SI2的牛（p 0。05）。当牛接受TMR时，每公斤体重增加的浓缩物，青贮饲料和综合净能量（NEmf）的消耗量显着下降，这与他们接受SI1和SI2时不同（p 0.05），表明TMR的饲料效率最高。牛接受TMR后血尿素氮（BUN）显着低于接受SI1的牛（p 0.05），而与接受SI2的牛相比没有差异。接受TMR的牛的氨氮浓度显着低于接受SI1和SI2的牛（p 0.05）。接受TMR的牛的瘤胃面积显着大于接受SI1的牛的瘤胃面积（p 0.05），但与接受SI2的牛相比没有差异。虽然瘤胃消化物颗粒分布的三种饲喂系统之间没有显着差异，与SI1和SI2组相比，TMR组趋向于具有更少的大中粒粒子和更小尺寸的粒子。结论，膳食TMR的牛表现出体重增加和瘤胃发育增加和BUN降低。这表明TMR饲喂更有利于提高肉牛的生产性能和瘤胃发酵。
Liu, Y.F.; Sun, F.F.; Wan, F.C.; Zhao, H.B.; Liu, X.M.; You, W.; Cheng, H.J.; Liu, G.F.; Tan, X.W.; Song, E.L.;. Effects of Three Feeding Systems on Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Digesta Particle Structure of Beef Cattle[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2016,29(5): 659-665