摘要
Five 43-kg barrows [(Dutch Landrace x Yorkshire) x Yorkshire] were fitted with steered ileocecal valve cannulas to compare the effects of K-diformate (KDF), a specifically conjugated salt vs its molecular constituents, namely, formic acid and K-formate, as acidifiers in lysine-deficient diets on the apparent ileal (ID) and fecal digestibility, retention of nutrients, and manure production. The animals were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments according to a 5 x 5 Latin square design as follows: 1) control-no acidifier; 2) 1% KDF (= 0.65% K-formate + 0.35% formic acid, or 0.7% [HCOO-] + 0.3% [K+]); 3) 0.65% K-formate (= 0.35% [HCOO-] + 0.3% [K+]); 4) 0.35% formic acid (= 0.35% [HCOO-]); and 5) 1.3% K-formate (= 0.7% [HCOO-] + 0.6% [K+]). Diets were formulated with barley, wheat, soybean meal, and canola meal as major ingredients, and provided all nutrients at adequate levels, except for lysine (24% less than estimated requirement). Feeding level was equal to 2.5 x maintenance requirement (MR) for ME (MR = 418 kJ ME x BW(-0.75)), and daily rations were given in two portions after mixing with water in a ratio of 1:2.5. Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. No clinical health problems due to the dietary treatments were observed. Irrespective of the additive, there were no differences (P < or = 0.10) in the ID of DM, OM, CP, or essential amino acids compared to the control, except for phenylalanine (P < or = 0.05). Among nonessential AA, only the ID of tyrosine tended (P = 0.092) to increase (up to 3.9 percentage units). The fecal digestibility of ash and K were greater (P < or = 0.001) in pigs fed supplemental K, irrespective of its source. The greater intake and fecal digestibility of K corresponded with greater (P < or = 0.05) losses of K in urine. Body retention of N, Ca, total P, and K was similar (P > or = 0.10) among treatments. As estimated from a separate nonorthogonal analysis, supplemental K improved (P < or = 0.05) body N by 3.7 percentage units compared to the control. The results of this study do not provide a clear explanation for the improved growth performance reported previously with KDF and its molecular constituents, and further research on their in vivo mode of action will require methodological refinement, especially with regard to the efficiency of AA utilization.
摘要译文
5只43公斤的阉鸡[（荷兰长白×约克郡）×约克郡]配备了操纵式回盲瓣插管，以比较K-二甲酸盐（KDF），一种特殊的共轭盐与其分子组成成分，即甲酸和甲酸钾，作为赖氨酸缺乏饮食中的酸化剂对表观回肠（ID）和粪便消化率，营养物质的保留和肥料生产。根据如下的5×5拉丁方设计将动物随机分配到五种膳食处理：1）对照 - 不含酸化剂;2）1％KDF（\x3d 0.65％K-甲酸酯+ 0.35％甲酸，或0.7％[HCOO-] + 0.3％[K +]）; 3）0.65％K-甲酸盐（\x3d 0.35％[HCOO-] + 0.3％[K +]）; 4）0.35％甲酸（\x3d 0.35％[HCOO-]）; 5）1.3％K-甲酸盐（\x3d 0。7％[HCOO - ] + 0.6％[K +]）。饮食以大麦，小麦，豆粕和菜籽粕为主要成分配制，并提供适量的全部营养素，除了赖氨酸（比估计要求少24％）。对于ME（MR \x3d 418kJ ME×BW（-0.75）），饲养水平等于2.5×维持要求（MR）并且在与水以1：2.5的比例混合后分两次给予日用量。使用氧化铬作为难消化的标记。没有观察到饮食治疗导致的临床健康问题。不管添加剂如何，DM，OM，CP，ID都没有差异（P \x3d 0.10）或必需氨基酸，除了苯丙氨酸（P 或\x3d 0.05）。在非必需的AA中，只有酪氨酸的ID倾向于（P \x3d 0.092）增加（高达3.9个百分点）。补充K的猪的灰分和K的粪便消化率较高（P 或\x3d 0.001），不管其来源如何。K的摄入量和粪便消化率越高，尿中K的损失越大（P 或\x3d 0.05）。治疗期间，N，Ca，总P和K的身体保留相似（P或\x3d 0.10）。从单独的非正交分析估计，与对照相比，补充K提高（P 或\x3d 0.05）身体N 3.7个百分比单位。这项研究的结果没有为以前报道的KDF及其分子成分提高的生长性能提供明确的解释，对其体内作用模式的进一步研究需要方法学上的改进，尤其是关于AA利用率的方法。
Z. Mroz;D. E. Reese;M. Øverland;J. T. M. van Diepen;J. Kogut. The effects of potassium diformate and its molecular constituents on the apparent ileal and fecal digestibility and retention of nutrients in growing-finishing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2002,80(3): 681–690