摘要
The faculty job market plays a fundamental role in shaping research priorities, educational outcomes, and career trajectories among scientists and institutions. However, a quantitative understanding of faculty hiring as a system is lacking. Using a simple technique to extract the institutional prestige ranking that best explains an observed faculty hiring network—who hires whose graduates as faculty—we present and analyze comprehensive placement data on nearly 19,000 regular faculty in three disparate disciplines. Across disciplines, we find that faculty hiring follows a common and steeply hierarchical structure that reflects profound social inequality. Furthermore, doctoral prestige alone better predicts ultimate placement than a U.S. News & World Report rank, women generally place worse than men, and increased institutional prestige leads to increased faculty production, better faculty placement, and a more influential position within the discipline. These results advance our ability to quantify the influence of prestige in academia and shed new light on the academic system.
摘要译文
教师就业市场在塑造科学家和机构的研究重点，教育成果和职业轨迹方面发挥着重要作用。然而，缺乏对教师招聘系统的定量理解。o提取最能解释观察到的教师招聘网络的机构声望排名 - 谁雇用了毕业生作为教师 - 我们提出并分析了近19个的综合位置数据，三个不同学科的000名常规教师。在整个学科中，我们发现教师招聘遵循一个共同的，陡峭的等级结构，反映了深刻的社会不平等。此外，仅博士声望比美国新闻和世界报道排名更能预测最终位置，女性通常比男性更差，并且提高了机构声望，从而增加了教师的生产，更好的教师安置以及在该学科中更有影响力的地位。这些结果提高了我们量化学术界声望影响的能力，并为学术体系提供了新的视角。
Aaron Clauset[1];[2];[3];*; Samuel Arbesman[4]; Daniel B. Larremore[5];[6]. Systematic inequality and hierarchy in faculty hiring networks[J]. Science advances, 2015,1(1): e1400005