摘要
Feeding cattle high-grain diets has brought concurrent problems with ruminal acidosis. Grain overload in feedlot cattle has gained the most attention because of its economic impact. In fact, ruminal acidosis is second only to respiratory diseases, in depressing animal performance and production efficiency. Much of the past research has focused on effects of antimicrobial compounds (such as monensin) on ruminal fermentation; they have become management tools to prevent or to control ruminal acidosis. Despite beneficial effects of such compounds, in 2002 the European Commission proposed to ban on antibiotic growth promotants including monensin. This legislation has important economic implications in production cost of beef. Several nutritional alternatives to monensin have been studied in vitro with diverse results. This paper provides an overview of research with organic acids (malate and fumarate) for beef cattle as a substitute for monensin. Although these organic acids may be considered as feed additives, more research is needed about the effects of malate and (or) fumarate on beef cattle performance. Dietary factors such as forage:concentrate ratio, and forage or cereal grain type may alter the response to these additives. In addition, appropriate timing for supplementing with malate or fumarate must be studied.
摘要译文
喂牛高谷物饮食带来了瘤胃酸中毒的并发症。饲养场牛的谷物超载因其经济影响而受到最多的关注。事实上，瘤胃酸中毒仅次于呼吸道疾病，抑制动物的表现和生产效率。过去的大部分研究都集中在抗菌化合物（如莫能菌素）对瘤胃发酵的影响;它们已成为预防或控制瘤胃酸中毒的管理工具。尽管这些化合物具有有益作用，但2002年欧盟委员会提议禁止使用包括莫能菌素在内的抗生素生长促进剂。该立法对牛肉的生产成本具有重要的经济意义。已经在体外研究了莫能菌素的几种营养替代品，具有不同的结果。本文概述了有机酸（苹果酸盐和富马酸盐）对肉牛的替代莫能菌素的研究。虽然这些有机酸可被视为饲料添加剂，关于苹果酸和（或）富马酸对肉牛性能的影响需要更多的研究。饲料中的膳食因素：浓缩比例，和饲料或谷物类型可能会改变对这些添加剂的反应。此外，必须研究补充苹果酸盐或富马酸盐的适当时机。
C.Castillo[a];J.L.Benedito[a];J.Méndez[b];V.Pereira[a];M.López-Alonso[a];M.Miranda[c];J.Hernández[a];. Organic acids as a substitute for monensin in diets for beef cattle[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004,115(1-2): 101-116