摘要
A world survey of the artificial insemination industry was carried out in 1999 based on country data from 1998. A two-page questionnaire with 62 variables, ranging from semen availability to inseminations performed, was sent to 198 countries. A total of 109 countries (57%) returned the questionnaire filled in either partially or completely; (responses: Africa 29/43, North America 2/2, South America 17/34, Far East 27/40, Near East 12/29, Europe 31/45). A summary of the responses indicates that there were 648 semen collection centres (SCC) registered and 1635 semen banks. More than 40 000 bulls (41 084) were housed in these SCCs and 264 million doses of semen were produced (95% deep-frozen: 50% in Europe, 27% in the Far East and 16% in North America). The types of breeds involved and their distribution were difficult to establish; however, it can be stated that approximately 75% of the semen doses originated from bos taurus dairy breeds. International movements of semen were rather important with close to 20 million doses exported in 1998. A total of 110.4 million first inseminations were reported which corresponded to about 20% of the total number of breedable females recorded in the overall FAO database for the responding countries. More than 50% of the inseminations were performed in the Far East with more than 58 million, 34% in Europe and 10% in North America. Compared to the previous survey, a considerable growth in the number of doses prepared as well as females inseminated can be noticed. This may be due to an increased number of inseminations performed but may also be related, at least partly, to more efficient data collection. In conclusion, the artificial insemination industry seems to be very active, large numbers of doses are being processed (2.5 times more than inseminated), intense international exchanges are observed and approximately a fifth of the breedable female population in the world is now bred by artificial insemination.
摘要译文
根据1998年的国家数据，1999年开展了一项关于人工授精行业的世界调查。一份包含62个变量的两页问卷，从精液供应到进行的授精，已发送到198个国家。共有109个国家（57％）退回了部分或全部填写的调查问卷;（答复：非洲29/43，北美洲2/2，南美洲17/34，远东27/40，近东12/29，欧洲31/45）。回复摘要表明，有648个精液收集中心（SCC）注册，1635个精液库。超过4万头公牛（41 084）被安置在这些SCC中，产生了2.64亿剂精液（95％深度冷冻：50％在欧洲，27％在远东，16％在北美）。涉及的品种类型及其分布难以确定;然而，可以说大约75％的精液剂量来自金牛座奶牛品种。国际精液流动相当重要，1998年出口量接近2000万剂。共计110例。据报告，首次授精了400万，相当于粮农组织总体数据库中为应对国家记录的可培育雌性总数的约20％。超过50％的授精在远东进行，超过5800万，欧洲为34％，北美为10％。与之前的调查相比，可以注意到所制备的剂量和雌性受精的剂量的显着增加。这可能是由于执行的授精数量增加，但也可能是相关的，至少部分地，为了更有效的数据收集。总之，人工授精行业似乎非常活跃，正在处理大量剂量（2。比受精的人数多5倍，观察到了强烈的国际交流，现在世界上大约五分之一的可培育雌性种群通过人工授精繁殖。
MThibier[a];H.-GWagner[b];. World statistics for artificial insemination in cattle[J]. Livestock Production Science, 2002,74(2): 203-212