摘要
The intercontinental distribution of living freshwater osteoglossiform fishes (Osteoglossomorpha, Teleostei) was hypothesized to predominantly represent the vicariant result of the fragmentation of Gondwana based on physiological and phylogenetic evidence. The fossil record, however, challenges this hypothesis by making transoceanic dispersal plausible because it provides post-fragmentation minimum ages of intercontinental clades and it includes several marine forms. The aim of this study was to test whether the divergence of Osteoglossiformes was compatible with the breakup of Gondwana using newly reconstructed time-calibrated phylogenetic trees based on a large dataset combining extant and fossil taxa and molecular and morphological characters. Bayesian tip-dating and node-dating approaches with different Teleostei age calibrations were employed. The results of the divergence tests are largely dependent on the a priori calibrated age of crown-group Teleostei, with two of the three specific vicariance hypotheses tested in this study not being rejected only when the age of the Teleostei was constrained to be as old as the early Permian. Molecules consistently push the age of crown-group Teleostei back to the Paleozoic, while the fossil record, which is considered informative, does not support such an ancient origin. Reconciling molecular and paleontological estimates of the age of crown-group Teleostei is central to determining the role of Gondwanan breakup in the intercontinental distribution of freshwater teleosts, including Osteoglossiformes.
摘要译文
生活淡水骨赘鱼（Osteoglossomorpha，洲际分布，Teleostei）被假设主要代表基于生理和系统发育证据的冈瓦纳碎片的替代结果。然而，化石记录，通过使越洋散布变得合理来挑战这一假设，因为它提供了洲际进化枝的最小碎片后碎片，并且它包括几种海洋形态。使用新重建的时间校准系统发育树，基于结合现存和化石分类群以及分子和形态特征的大型数据集，对冈瓦纳的分裂进行了分析。采用具有不同Teleostei年龄校准的贝叶斯尖端测年和节点测年方法。发散测试的结果在很大程度上取决于冠组Teleostei的先验校准年龄，在本研究中测试的三个特定的变异假设中，有两个不被拒绝，只有当Teleostei的年龄被限制为早期二叠纪时。分子一直将皇冠组Teleostei的时代推回到古生代，而被认为信息丰富的化石记录并不支持这样一个古老的起源。对冠冕组Teleostei年龄的分子和古生物学估计是确定Gondwanan分裂在淡水硬骨鱼的洲际分布中的作用的关键，包括Osteoglossiformes。
SébastienLavoué;. Was Gondwanan breakup the cause of the intercontinental distribution of Osteoglossiformes? A time-calibrated phylogenetic test combining molecular, morphological, and paleontological evidence[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2016,99: 34-43