摘要
Energy price trends and political instability in several oil producing nations have fueled the recent growth in alternative energy technologies. Recent expansion of the ethanol industry and increased energy prices have caused two things to happen relative to beef production in the United States: corn prices have risen dramatically, and supplies of ethanol byproducts have increased. Therefore, five experiments were conducted to examine the use 6f distiller's grains in growing and finishing steer diets. Forage intake decreased linearly as supplementation level of dried distiller's grains (DDG) increased up to 1.00% of body weight. Values for daily gain were greatest when DDG was supplemented at 0.75, 1.00, 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50% of body weight when DDG contained 0.0, 5.4, 14.5, 19.1, and 22.1% (DDG dry matter) distiller's solubles. Apparent total tract digestibility of total diet dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not different when steers were supplemented at 1.00% of body weight with DDG containing 0.0 or 22.1% distiller's solubles. Total tract crude protein digestibility was not different between DDG containing the five distiller's solubles levels. In finishing diets, corn processing method interacted with wet distller's grains plus solubles (WDGS) inclusion level. As level of WDGS in the diet increased, average daily gain and feed efficiency improved linearly in steers fed dry-rolled corn, daily gain increased quadratically and feed efficiency improved linearly in steers fed high-moisture corn, and daily decreased quadratically with no change in feed efficiency in steers fed steam-flaked corn. Total tract digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were greater and ruminal pH variance was less for steers fed 0% WDGS compared to steers fed 40% WDGS. In diets containing 0% WDGS, steers fed SFC had lower acetate:propionate, but in diets containing 40% WDGS, acetate:propionate was similar between processing methods and not different from the 0% WDGS SFC fed steers. These data demonstrate the utility of corn dry-milling byproducts in growing and finishing cattle diets.
摘要译文
能源价格趋势和政治不稳定的几个石油生产国也助长了近期的增长在替代能源技术。乙醇行业的扩张近期和能源价格上涨导致两件事情发生相对于牛肉产量在美国：玉米价格急剧上升，和乙醇副产品的供应有所增加。因此，五进行实验，以研究利用1207米酒糟在生长肥育转向饲料。饲料摄入量减少线性作为干酒糟（DDG）上升到体重1.00％的25级补充。值日增重分别为最大时DDG补充为0.75，1.00，1.00，0.75，0.50％25时DDG含有0.0，5.4，14.5，19.1，22.1和25％（DDG干物质）酒糟体重。总膳食干物质，有机物和中性洗涤纤维的表观总肠道消化率差异不显着时，公牛分别以补充体重的1.00％，与25 DDG含0.0或22.1％，25酒糟。全消化道粗蛋白消化率不DDG之间含有不同的五个酒糟水平。在整理的饮食，玉米加工方法与互动湿distller的谷物加可溶物（WDGS）列入水平。随着WDGS的饮食水平的提高，平均日增重和饲料效率提高线性肉牛饲喂干玉米卷，日增重提高二次和饲料效率提高线性肉牛饲喂高水分玉米和每日二次下降，在没有改变在饲料饲喂肉牛蒸汽压片玉米的效率。干物质和有机物全消化道消化率均大于瘤胃pH值变化是少喂肉牛0％25 WDGS相比，肉牛饲喂40％25 WDGS。在含有0％25 WDGS饮食，阉牛喂养SFC有较低的醋酸：丙酸，但在含有40％25 WDGS，乙饮食：丙酸盐之间的处理方法，而不是从0％25 WDGS SFC馈阉不同相似。这些数据表明玉米干磨副产品在生长肥育肉牛日粮的效用。
Corrigan, Mark E.. Use of corn dry-milling byproducts in growing and finishing cattle diets[D]. US: The University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2008