摘要
An overview of spin hyperpolarisation methods is given; such methods can be used for strong signal enhancement in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We focus on techniques, which are operative in condensed phase and exploit light-induced processes to generate non-thermal spin hyperpolarisation. Such techniques are optical nuclear polarisation (ONP), Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (CIDNP) and optical pumping (OP). Since in all methods polarisation is transferred from primarily polarised spins to target spins, we also review existing methods for polarisation transfer. In the section dedicated to ONP, we provide its theoretical background as well as practical experimental aspects and describe applications of ONP in molecular crystals and in NV– centres in diamonds. In the CIDNP section, we discuss in detail the known mechanisms of CIDNP in liquids and in solids and outline CIDNP applications to detect elusive radicals, to determine their magnetic parameters and to enhance NMR signals. Finally, we provide a short description of OP in semiconductors, light-induced para-hydrogen induced polarisation and chemically induced dynamic electron polarisation. Advantages and challenges of light-induced spin hyperpolarisation are discussed and perspectives in this field are addressed.
摘要译文
给出了自旋超极化方法的概述;这种方法可用于核磁共振（NMR）中的强信号增强。我们专注于技术，它们以凝聚相工作并利用光诱导过程来产生非热自旋超极化。这些技术是光学核极化（ONP），化学诱导的动态核极化（CIDNP）和光泵（OP）。由于在所有方法中，极化从初级极化自旋转移到目标自旋，我们也回顾了现有的极化转移方法。在专用于ONP的部分中，我们提供了它的理论背景和实际的实验方面，并描述了ONP在分子晶体和钻石中的NV - 中心的应用。在CIDNP部分，我们详细讨论了CIDNP在液体和固体中的已知机制，并概述了CIDNP应用来检测难以捉摸的自由基，确定它们的磁性参数并增强NMR信号。最后，我们提供半导体OP的简短描述，光致para氢诱导极化和化学诱导动态电子极化。讨论光诱导自旋超极化的优势和挑战，并讨论这个领域的观点。
Olga B. Morozova[1];Alexandra V. Yurkovskaya[1];Hans-Martin Vieth[2];Denis V. Sosnovsky[1];Konstantin L. Ivanov[3]. Light-induced spin hyperpolarisation in condensed phase[J]. Molecular Physics, 2017,115(23): 2907-2943