摘要
Recent evidence implicates immune alterations and gut microbiota dysbiosis in at least some subpopulations of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Immune and gut alterations in ASD have mostly been studied separately, and the reviews and theoretical models up to now have mainly considered the immune system as one of the routes for gut-brain communication. We take a different perspective and consider possible common mechanisms of action for the gut microbiota and inflammation on the neural basis of ASD. We propose these to be their effects on ASD-susceptibility genes, neurodevelopment, and intestinal and blood–brain barrier integrity. We then use these common mechanisms to offer pathways for potentially beneficial effects of early-life probiotics on the neural development in ASD. This new perspective yields a conceptual framework for creating effective preventions for mothers at risk of giving birth to children with ASD. Such a framework may also inform effective interventions targeting these common mechanisms of action, which may be shared in many ASD cases regardless of their different etiological profiles. Probiotics may be one example of such preventions and interventions. Finally, the common mechanisms offered by this perspective can be useful in the search of comprehensive theories that can account for the complete neurobiological and behavioral symptoms of ASD.
摘要译文
最近的证据表明至少在一些自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者的亚群中存在免疫改变和肠道微生物群失调。ASD的免疫和肠道改变主要是单独研究，迄今为止的评论和理论模型主要将免疫系统视为肠 - 脑通信的途径之一。我们采取不同的观点，并考虑ASD神经基础上肠道微生物群和炎症的可能共同作用机制。我们提出这些是他们对ASD易感基因，神经发育，肠道和血脑屏障完整性的影响。然后，我们使用这些通用机制为早期益生菌对ASD神经发育的潜在有益效应提供途径。这种新的观点产生了一个概念框架，为有可能生育ASD儿童的母亲创造有效的预防措施。这样的框架也可以为有效的干预措施提供有效的干预措施，这些干预措施针对的是这些共同的行动机制，这些干预措施可能会在许多ASD病例中被分享，而不论其病因概况如何。益生菌可能是此类预防和干预的一个例子。最后，这种观点提供的共同机制可以用于寻找可以解释ASD的完整神经生物学和行为症状的综合理论。
Ceymi Doenyas ceymidoenyas@alumni.princeton.edu. Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Probiotics on Neural Development in Autism Spectrum Disorder[J]. Neuroscience, 2018,374: 271-286