摘要
Artificial insemination (AI) in cats represents an important technique for increasing the contribution of genetically valuable individuals in specific populations, whether they be highly pedigreed purebred cats, medically important laboratory cats or endangered non-domestic cats. Semen is collected using electrical stimulation, with an artificial vagina or from intact or excised cauda epididymis. Sperm samples can be used for AI immediately after collection, after temporary storage above 0 °C or after cryopreservation. There have been three and five reports on intravaginal and intrauterine insemination, respectively, and one report on tubal insemination with fresh semen. In studies using fresh semen, it was reported that conception rates of 50% or higher were obtained by intravaginal insemination with 10–50 × 106 spermatozoa, while, in another report, the conception rate was 78% after AI with 80 × 106 spermatozoa. After intrauterine insemination, conception rates following deposition of 6.2 × 106 and 8 × 106 spermatozoa were reported to be 50 and 80%, respectively. With tubal insemination, the conception rate was 43% when 4 × 106 spermatozoa were used, showing that the number of spermatozoa required to obtain a satisfactory conception rate was similar to that of cats inseminated directly into the uterus. When frozen semen was used for intravaginal insemination the conception rate was rather low, but intrauterine insemination with 50 × 106 frozen/thawed spermatozoa resulted in a conception rate of 57%. Furthermore, in one report, conception was obtained by intrauterine insemination of frozen epididymal spermatozoa. Overall, there have been few reports on artificial insemination in cats. The results obtained to date show considerable variation, both within and among laboratories depending upon the type and number of spermatozoa used and the site of sperm deposition. Undoubtedly, future studies will identify the major factors required to consistently obtain reliable conception rates, so that AI can become a practical technique for enhancing the production of desirable genotypes, both for laboratory and conservation purposes.
摘要译文
猫的人工授精（AI）代表了一种重要技术，用于增加具有遗传价值的个体在特定种群中的贡献，无论是高度纯种的纯种猫，具有医学重要性的实验室猫或濒危的非家猫。精液采用电刺激收集，与人造阴道或从完整的或切除的尾部附睾。采集后立即将精子样本用于AI，在0°C以上或低温保存后暂时储存。关于阴道内和子宫内受精的报道分别有三，五份，另有一份关于新鲜精液输卵管受孕的报道。在使用新鲜精液的研究中，据报道，通过10-50×10 6精子的阴道内授精获得50％或更高的受孕率，而在另一报告中，AI 80×106精子受精率为78％。宫腔内人工授精后，受孕后的受孕率为6。据报道2×106和8×106精子分别为50和80％。采用输卵管受精，4×106精子受精率为43％表明获得令人满意的受孕率所需的精子数量与直接进入子宫的受精猫的数量相似。当冷冻精液用于阴道内授精时，受精率较低，但用50×106冻存/解冻的精子进行子宫内授精，受精率为57％。此外，在一份报告中，通过冷冻附睾精子的子宫内授精获得概念。总的来说，关于猫的人工授精的报道很少。迄今获得的结果表明，实验室内和实验室之间都有相当大的变化，取决于所用精子的类型和数量以及精子沉积的部位。无疑，未来的研究将确定持续获得可靠的受孕率所需的主要因素，所以人工智能可以成为一种实用技术，用于实验室和保护目的，以提高理想基因型的产量。
ToshihikoTsutsui;. Artificial insemination in domestic cats (Felis catus)[J]. Theriogenology, 2006,66(1): 122-125