摘要
The anatomy of the sheep cervix is highly variable between animals and may explain the differing success of transcervical AI between individuals. This study aims to quantify the variation in cervical morphology between ewes and investigate the relationship between cervical anatomy and cervical penetration.
Two series of reproductive tracts were collected. Series A: 132 adult anoestrous ewes, and series B: 165 cycling adult ewes and ewe lambs which were identified as luteal or non-luteal based on the presence of a corpus luteum. The morphology of the cervical external os was classified as slit, papilla, duckbill, flap or rose. An inseminating pipette was inserted into the lumen and the depth of penetration recorded. The cervix was opened longitudinally, its length recorded, the number of cervical rings counted and the arrangement of those rings graded.
The maximum depth of cervical penetration was affected by cervical grade (series A: P = 0.021; series B: P = 0.037) and the stage of the oestrous cycle (P = 0.008). Grade 1 cervices were more penetrable than grade 2, with grade 3 the least penetrable and non-luteal cervices could be penetrated further than luteal cervices. The distribution of os types differed with age, with rose types more common in adult ewes, and papilla os types more common in ewe lambs. These results indicate that the depth of cervical penetration is affected by the anatomy of the cervical lumen. Cervices with a less convoluted lumen (grade 1) were more penetrable. Non-luteal cervices are likely to have higher oestradiol concentrations than luteal, stimulating cervical relaxation and enabling deeper penetration. The difference in os types with age may be contributable to a morphological alteration at parturition.
摘要译文
羊宫颈的解剖在动物之间是高度可变的，并且可以解释个体间经宫颈AI不同的成功。本研究旨在量化宫颈形态之间的差异，并调查宫颈解剖和宫颈渗透之间的关系。收集了两个系列的繁殖区。系列A：132只成年的发情母羊，和B系列：165只循环的成年母羊和母羊羔羊根据黄体的存在被确定为黄体或非黄体。宫颈外口的形态被分为狭缝，乳头，鸭嘴，皮瓣或玫瑰。将灌注管插入管腔并记录穿透深度。纵向打开宫颈，记录宫颈长度，计数宫颈环的数量，并分级。宫颈渗透的最大深度受宫颈分级（A级：P \x3d 0.021; B级：P \x3d 0.037）和发情周期（P \x3d 0.008）的影响。1级宫颈比2级更易穿透，3级最少穿透性和非黄体性宫颈比黄体宫颈更能穿透。os的分布随年龄的不同而不同，成年母羊的玫瑰型更为常见，母羊羔羊乳头型更常见。这些结果表明颈椎穿透深度受颈椎管腔解剖影响。具有较小回旋腔（1级）的塞子更易穿透。非黄体宫颈的雌二醇浓度可能比黄体高，刺激宫颈松弛并使其更深入渗透。OS类型与年龄的差异可能有助于分娩时的形态学改变。
Claire M.Kershaw;MuhammadKhalid;Michael R.McGowan;KateIngram;SukanyaLeethongdee;GabrieleWax;Rex J.Scaramuzzi;. The anatomy of the sheep cervix and its influence on the transcervical passage of an inseminating pipette into the uterine lumen[J]. Theriogenology, 2005,64(5): 1225-1235