摘要
From 1994 to 2003, a total of 526 bitches of 99 different breeds were artificially inseminated in 685 estrus cycles with domestic (n = 353) or imported (n = 332) frozen-thawed semen from 368 males. The overall whelping rate was 73.1% and mean (±S.E.M.) litter size 5.7 ± 0.1 pups. The whelping rate was higher after intrauterine insemination (75.0%; n = 665) than after intravaginal insemination (10.0%, n = 20; P < 0.05). Insemination at the optimal time resulted in a higher whelping rate (78%, n = 559; P < 0.01) and larger litter size (5.8 ± 0.2; P < 0.05) than inseminations performed late or too late (55.7% and 4.5 ± 0.5, n = 61). Two inseminations (n = 384) yielded a higher whelping rate (P < 0.05) and mean litter size (P < 0.01) than one insemination (n = 241), 78.1% and 6.0 ± 0.2 and 70.5% and 5.1 ± 0.2, respectively. For inseminations performed at the optimal time, however, the whelping rate was not significantly different for bitches inseminated twice (79.3%, n = 358) versus once (76.8%, n = 168), but the litter size was larger (6.0 ± 0.2 and 5.3 ± 0.3). Semen classified as of poor quality (progressive motility <50% or percentage abnormal sperm >20%) resulted in a lower whelping rate (P < 0.01) than semen classified as of good quality (progressive motility ≥50% and percentage abnormal sperm ≤20%), 61 and 77%, respectively. Small breeds (n = 50) had a smaller litter size (3.9 ± 0.3; P < 0.01) than larger breeds (medium [5.7 ± 0.3, n = 94], large [5.9 ± 0.2, n = 295] or giant breeds [6.1 ± 0.5, n = 62] [P < 0.01]). Bitches older than 6 years had a lower whelping rate (68.2%) than younger ones (77.0%; P < 0.05). The duration of pregnancy was longer (P < 0.01) for bitches with a litter size of <3 pups (61.7 ± 0. 4 days, n = 30) than for bitches with larger litters (60.5 ± 0.1 days, n = 177). These results show the potential of transcervical intrauterine insemination for routine artificial insemination in dogs. The results with frozen semen inseminations were optimised by inseminating bitches ≤6 years old 2 and 3 days after ovulation with semen of good quality from males ≤8 years old.
摘要译文
从1994年到2003年，共有来自368个男性的共计526个99个不同品种的526个母猪在685个发情周期中进行了人工授精，其中国内（n \x3d 353）或进口（n \x3d 332）冷冻精液。总产仔率为73.1％，平均（±S.E.M。）产仔数为5.7±0.1仔鼠。宫腔内人工授精后的育雏率较高（75.0％;n \x3d 665）比阴道内受精（10.0％，n \x3d 20; P 0.05）。在最佳时间施肥可以提高产仔率（78％，n \x3d 559; P 0.01）和产仔数（5.8±0.2;（55.7％和4.5±0.5，n \x3d 61）。两次授精（n \x3d 384）产仔率较高（P 0.05），平均产仔数（P 0）。01）比一次授精（n \x3d 241），78.1％和6.0±0.2和70.5％和5.1±0.2，分别。然而，为了在最佳时间进行授精，母猪授精两次（79.3％，n \x3d 358）和一次（76.8％，n \x3d 168）仔猪的仔猪仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔仔裤大小均较大（6.0±0.2及5.3±0.3）。精液质量差（进行性运动50％或异常精子百分比 20％）导致较低的产仔率（P 0。01）比精液质量好（进行性运动能力≥50％，异常精子百分比≤20％），分别为61％和77％。小型品种（n \x3d 50）的产仔数较小（3.9±0.3; P 0）。（5.7±0.3，n \x3d 94），大型（5.9±0.2，n \x3d 295）或大型品种[6.1±0.5，n \x3d 62] [P 0.01]年龄超过6岁的母猪的仔猪比例较低（68％）。2％）比年轻人（77.0％; P 0.05）。对于窝仔数小于3只的仔猪（61.7±0.4天，n \x3d 30），怀胎时间较长（0.01）5±0.1天，n \x3d 177）。这些结果显示了经宫颈子宫内授精用于狗常规人工授精的潜力。采用冷冻精液授精的结果，优选从8岁以下雄性精液中分娩2〜3天，
R.Thomassen[a];G.Sanson[a];A.Krogenæs[a];J.A.Fougner[b];K. AndersenBerg[a];W.Farstad[a];. Artificial insemination with frozen semen in dogs: A retrospective study of 10 years using a non-surgical approach[J]. Theriogenology, 2006,66(6-7): 1645-1650