摘要
The difficulty of traversing the cervix severely limits transcervical artificial insemination (TC AI) in sheep. Cervical trauma and poorly designed instruments can reduce fertility after AI. To overcome problems associated with TC AI, we developed a new TC AI catheter. Three bench experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the new TC AI catheter on semen quality independent of the effects of moving the catheter through the cervix. In each of the three bench experiments, the standard laparoscopic instrument for intrauterine AI in sheep was used as the control for the TC AI catheter. In Experiment 1, the total volume of semen extender expelled and void volumes for both types of AI instrument (TC versus laparoscopic) were determined. In Experiment 2, the effects of each type of AI instrument (TC versus laparoscopic) on semen quality, estimated as percentage motility and percentage forward progressive motility, of frozen–thawed semen was determined. In Experiment 3, the effects of both types of AI instrument (TC versus laparoscopic) on number of spermatozoa expelled was determined. The type of AI instrument affected neither semen quality nor the number of spermatozoa expelled. However, void volume differed (P<0.01) between the two instruments. After differences in void volume were taken into account, an in vivo experiment was conducted to determine whether using our new TC AI catheter for TC or surgical intrauterine AI affected fertilization and pregnancy rates. For this, ewes were assigned to one of three treatments: (1) TC AI using the new TC AI catheter+sham AI via laparotomy (n=9); (2) sham TC AI+AI via laparotomy using a laparoscopic AI instrument (n=8); and (3) sham TC AI+AI via laparotomy using the new TC AI catheter (n=10). To synchronize estrus, progestogenated pessaries were inserted and left in place for 12 days. On Day 5 after pessary insertion, PGF2α (15 mg) was given i.m. At pessary removal, 400 IU of eCG were administered i.m. Ewes were inseminated 48–52 h after pessary removal using fresh diluted semen (200×106 to 350×106 spermatozoa per 0.2 ml) pooled from the same four rams each day during the experiment. At 72 h after AI, uteri were collected postmortem and flushed. Oocytes and embryos were recovered and evaluated. Treatments did not affect (P>0.01) ovum and embryo recovery rate (mean=87.3%), fertilization rate (59.3%), or Day 3 pregnancy rate (mean=66.6%). We conclude from these data that the use of our new TC AI catheter for TC AI or intrauterine AI should not impair the success of AI in sheep.
摘要译文
穿越子宫颈的困难严重限制了绵羊的经宫颈人工授精（TCAI）。 AI后的宫颈创伤和设计不佳的器械会降低生育率。为了克服与TC AI有关的问题，我们开发了一种新的TC AI导管。进行了三个台架实验，以确定新的TC AI导管对精液质量的影响，而不考虑将导管移动通过子宫颈的影响。在三个台架实验的每一个中，使用用于羊的宫内AI的标准腹腔镜仪器作为TC AI导管的对照。在实验1中，确定了两种类型的AI仪器（TC与腹腔镜）排出的精液填充剂的总体积和空隙体积。在实验2中，每种类型的AI仪器（TC对腹腔镜）对精液质量的影响，估计为百分比动力和百分比正向渐进动力，确定了冷冻解冻精液。在实验3中，测定了两种类型的AI仪器（TC对腹腔镜）对排出的精子数目的影响。AI仪器的类型既不影响精液质量，也不影响精子排出的数量。然而，这两种仪器之间的空隙体积有差异（P 0.01）。考虑到空隙体积的差异后，进行体内实验以确定是否使用我们新的TC AI导管用于TC或手术宫内AI影响受精率和妊娠率。为了这，（1）TC AI使用新的TC AI导管+假AI通过剖腹手术（n \x3d 9）; （2）使用腹腔镜AI仪器（n \x3d 8）通过剖腹手术假TC AI + AI;和（3）使用新的TC AI导管（n \x3d 10）通过剖腹手术假TC AI + AI。为了使发情同步，将孕激素子宫托插入并留置12天。在子宫托插入后第5天，给予PGF2α（15mg）。去除子宫托后，中心管理400IU的eCG。在实验期间每天从相同的四只公羊中收集新鲜稀释的精液（每0.2毫升200×10 6至350×10 6精子），在子宫托除去后48-52小时将母羊授精。在AI后72小时，尸体收集子宫并冲洗。卵母细胞和胚胎被回收和评估。处理不影响（P 0.01）卵子和胚胎恢复率（平均值\x3d 87.3％），受精率（59.3％）或第3天妊娠率（平均66.6％）。我们从这些数据得出结论，使用我们新的TC AI导管进行TC AI或宫内AI不应损害AI在羊中的成功。
Meghan CWulster-Radcliffe;Gregory SLewis;. Development of a new transcervical artificial insemination method for sheep: effects of a new transcervical artificial insemination catheter and traversing the cervix on semen quality and fertility☆[J]. Theriogenology, 2002,58(7): 1361-1371