摘要
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been the subject of many reports released by Mexican Federal Authorities along the Mexican Coast of the Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem (MC-GoM-LME), but extensive research that delves deeply into this issue is lacking. Although Karenia brevis blooms have appeared in all Mexican states (except Quintana Roo) and blooms of Cladophora spp., Chattonella marina, Chattonella subsalsa, Glenodinium pseudostigmosum and Chaetoceros holsaticus are fairly new to the MC-GoM-LME, their spatial and temporal variations are largely unknown. It appears that anthropogenic nutrient over-enrichment is the main driver of eutrophication along the MC-GoM-LME. Trophic conditions based on physicochemical parameters, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation along the northern coast of Yucatan show the influence of Gulf of Mexico LME and Caribbean Sea LME waters, seasonal upwelling and polluted inputs from submarine groundwater discharges. Meso-eutrophic and oligo-mesotrophic conditions on the coast are associated with human activities such as domestic sewage discharges from septic tanks, harbor effluents and brackish waters from artificial inlets. Coastal lagoons in Veracruz have been impacted by urbanization expansion leading to wastewater discharges, fertilizer runoff and changes in land use. Overall, trophic conditions in Veracruz have improved relative to historic trophic index values. At least for the Yucatan State and the Quintana Roo State, there are sites that appear to link the occurrence of HABs and anthropogenic eutrophication. Additional research over inshore, estuarine, coastal and offshore environments requires future monitoring efforts and collaboration with the international community (especially the U.S.).
摘要译文
墨西哥墨西哥湾大海洋生态系统（MC-GoM-LME）的墨西哥沿岸墨西哥联邦当局发布的许多报告已经成为有害海藻（HABs）的主题。但是深入研究这个问题的广泛研究缺乏。虽然卡伦尼亚短暂绽放已经出现在所有墨西哥国家（金塔纳罗奥除外）和Cladophora spp。Chattonella marina，Chattonella subsalsa，Glenodinium pseudostigmosum和Chaetoceros holsaticus对于MC-GoM-LME是相当新的，它们的空间和时间变化在很大程度上是未知的。似乎人为的营养过度富集是MC-GoM-LME富营养化的主要动力。营养条件基于物理化学参数，尤卡坦北部沿海的浮游植物和淹没的水生植被显示了墨西哥湾LME和加勒比海LME水域的影响，季节性上升流和潜水地下水排放的污染投入。沿海的中等富营养和中等营养条件与人类活动有关，例如来自化粪池的生活污水排放，港口污水和人造进水口的咸水。韦拉克鲁斯的沿海泻湖受城市化扩张的影响，导致废水排放，肥料径流和土地利用变化。总体而言，韦拉克鲁斯的营养条件相对于历史营养指数值有所改善。至少对尤卡坦邦和金塔纳罗奥州来说，有些网站似乎将HAB和人为富营养化的发生联系起来。对岸边，河口，沿海和近海环境需要与国际社会（特别是美国）进行未来的监测工作和合作。
Marco J. Ulloa[a]; Porfirio álvarez-Torres[b]; Karla P. Horak-Romo[a]; Rogelio Ortega-Izaguirre[a]. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication along the mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico large marine ecosystem[J]. Environmental Development, 2017,22: 120–128