摘要
A critical goal of metabolism in living cells is the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is synthesized by the enzyme F1F0-ATP synthase. This enzyme, the smallest-known molecular machine, couples proton translocation through its membrane-embedded, hydrophobic domain, F0, to the synthesis of ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in its soluble, hydrophilic headpiece, F1. Animals, plants and microorganisms all capture and utilize energy by this important chemical reaction. How does it occur? The binding change mechanism and the torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis are two mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature. According to the binding change mechanism (which considers reversible catalysis and site-site cooperativity), energy is required primarily for release of synthesized ATP, but not for its synthesis. On the other hand, according to the torsional mechanism (which considers an irreversible mode of catalysis and absence of cooperativity), all the elementary steps require energy, and the ion-protein interaction energy obtained from the ion gradients is used to synthesize ATP, for Pi binding, and for straining the β-ε bond in order to enable ADP to bind. The energy to release preformed ATP from the tight catalytic site (βdp) is provided by the formation of the β-ε ester linkage. First, the central features of these mechanisms are clearly delineated. Then, a critical scrutiny of these mechanisms is undertaken. The predictions of the torsional mechanism are listed. In particular, how the torsional mechanism deals with the specific difficulties associated with other mechanisms, and how it seeks to explain a wealth of structural, spectroscopic, and biochemical data is discussed in detail. Recent experimental data in support of the mechanism are presented.
摘要译文
代谢的活细胞中的一个关键的目标是三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的合成。的ATP被酶F1F0-ATP合酶合成。这种酶，最小知的分子机，双人质子移位通过其膜包埋，疏水结构域，F0，与ATP从二磷酸腺苷（ADP）和无机磷（Pi）在其可溶性，亲水性头盔，F1的合成。动物，植物和微生物的所有捕获和这个重要的化学反应利用能源。它是如何发生的？结合改变机构和能量传导和ATP合成的扭转机构是已在文献中提出两种机制。根据绑定改变机构（它参考可逆催化和站点现场协同），需要能量主要为合成的ATP释放，但不为它的合成。另一方面，根据本扭转机构（它参考催化和不存在协同效应的不可逆模式），所有基本步骤需要的能量，并从离子梯度得到的离子 - 蛋白质相互作用能量用于合成ATP，为皮装订，和用于张紧所述β-ε键，以使ADP到结合。的能量以释放从紧催化部位（βdp）由β-ε酯键的形成提供预制的ATP。首先，这些机制的主要特征是明确界定。然后，这些机制的关键是监督进行。扭转机构的预测被列出。特别是如何扭转机构处理与其他机制相关联的具体困难，以及它如何试图解释了丰富的结构，光谱和生化数据进行详细的讨论。在支持该机制的最近的实验数据列。
Sunil Nath (20). The Molecular Mechanism of ATP Synthesis by F1 F0 -ATP Synthase: A Scrutiny of the Major Possibilities. Tools and Applications of Biochemical Engineering Science[M].DE: springer, 2002: 65-98