摘要
This chapter gives a compact summary of the basic tools from logic that will be needed later in our study. The reader is assumed to be familiar with elementary logic, but otherwise the presentation tries to be self-contained. The most central of the ideas to be introduced here include Carnap’s notion of a monadic conceptual system, Hintikka’s theory of distributive normal forms for first-order logic, and the Carnap—Hintikka style of approach to inductive logic.
摘要译文
本章简要总结了我们研究后期需要的逻辑基本工具。假设读者熟悉基本逻辑，但除此之外，演示文稿试图自成一体。这里要介绍的最重要的思想包括Carnap的monadic概念系统概念，Hintikka的一阶逻辑分布式正规形式理论，以及Carnap-Hintikka的归纳逻辑方法。
Ilkka Niiniluoto[1]. Logical Tools. Truthlikeness[M].DE: Springer, 1987: 39-102