摘要
As a necessary consequence of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), aerobic organisms, from man to microbe, have developed an elaborate system of cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Most living organisms have a system of defences, which is both elaborate and redundant, to protect them from the potential damage that can be inflicted by both ROS and RNS. Proteins which are involved in metabolism and signalling are regulated by posttranslational modifications that influence their catalytic activity, rates of turnover and targeting to subcellular locations. A common hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases and indeed of a number of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes is the presence of proteinaceous deposits in the affected tissues and organs, which, in some cases, are believed to be the main causative agents of the clinical symptoms.
摘要译文
作为产生活性氧（ROS ）和活性氮（RNS ） ，需氧微生物，从人到微生物的必然结果，已经开发了细胞保护对抗氧化应激的一个复杂的系统。大多数生物体具有防御体系，这既是复杂的和冗余，以保护他们免受可以由双方ROS和RNS可造成的潜在危害。这是参与代谢和信号蛋白通过影响其催化活性的翻译后修饰，周转率调节和靶向亚细胞位置。许多神经变性疾病和的确实许多其它疾病，如2型糖尿病的共同特点是蛋白沉积物的受影响的组织和器官中的存在，其中，在某些情况下，被认为是临床上的主要病原体症状。
Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metal-based Neurodegeneration: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies[M].US: wiley, 2013: 75-109