摘要
1. The Ruff is a lekking sandpiper in which males have two genetically determined alternative mating strategies: ‘satellite’ or ‘independent’. Satellite males are non-territorial, following groups of females on and off leks. Independent males attempt to establish territories on leks and can be either ‘resident’ territory holders, or non-territorial ‘marginals’. The time budgets of the three behavioural tactics (resident, marginal and satellite) differ notably in time allocated to foraging, aggression and display activity. These differences have led to the suggestion that the benefits of size and energy stores may vary with mating tactic.
2. In this paper in vivo estimates of body composition (fat, fat-free mass) for breeding male Ruffs using total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) are presented.
3. Satellite males have significantly shorter tarsi and wings than independent males.
4. After correcting for size, independent males are significantly heavier and fatter than satellites, and marginals in particular are heavier and fatter than both residents and satellites.
5. Estimates of energy expenditure during flight suggest that satellites may maintain reduced energy reserves to minimize flight costs, while the larger fat stores of independent males are consistent with the benefits of endurance as a territory holder.
摘要译文
1.拉夫是一个lekking鹬，其中男性有两个遗传决定的可选择的配合策略：“卫星”或“独立”。卫星男性都是非领土，继女和关闭列克组。独立的男性试图建立领土上列克，可以是“居民”境内股东，或非领土“边缘人”。这三个行为策略（居民边际和卫星）的时间预算分配给觅食，侵略和展示活动的时间会有所不同显着。这些差异导致了大小和能量储备的好处可能与配合战术改变的建议。
2.本文体成分（脂肪，无脂肪质量）养殖用全身的电导率（TOBEC）男圆刷子体内估算中呈现。
3.卫星男性有较独立的男性显著短跗节和翅膀。
4.在校正尺寸，独立的男性比卫星显著较重和胖，特别边缘人比居民和卫星重，更胖。
能量消耗在飞行5.据估计，卫星可能维持减少的能源储备，以最大限度地降低飞行成本，同时独立的雄性大发店与耐力作为境内持有人的利益是一致的。
G. Bachman[1] and F. Widemo[2]. Relationships between body composition, body size and alternative reproductive tactics in a lekking sandpiper, the Ruff (Philomachus pugnax)[J]. Functional Ecology, 1999,13(3): 411-416