摘要
1 Many bat species hibernate to conserve energy during winter and like all hibernators they commonly arouse. During these arousals, some bats may undertake activities away from the hibernation site. Systematic ecological studies of the frequency and purpose of winter activity in temperate zone bats of North America are rare and much of the literature involves observations of single individuals or unmarked populations. 2 We review the available literature on winter activity among North American vespertilionid bats to highlight the paucity of data on this subject and to stimulate future research. Due to the lack of repeated, systematic studies on most North American species, the conclusions drawn are general or pertain only to parts of the geographical range of any species. 3 We suggest that winter activity is ubiquitous among temperate zone bats, but the degree and purpose of activity varies greatly between and within species. In general, cave-dwelling bats tend to be relatively inactive compared with tree and foliage roosting bats during winter. 4 Cave-dwelling and tree cavity-dwelling species do not appear to feed, but they do drink and occasionally copulate during the hibernation period. Species that hibernate in foliage or leaf litter are the most active species during winter and may feed and drink throughout winter, although they probably do not copulate because of their solitary nature. 5 We encourage researchers to conduct studies on all aspects of winter activity for North American vespertilionids across wide latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. We suggest studies in the near future be focused on estimating the energetic costs and benefits of winter activity through determination of the frequency and intensity of winter feeding activity and more thorough examinations of movements within and among caves. Studies on common, wide-ranging species have the potential to illuminate large-scale patterns and differences and should be favoured over studies on rarer species.
摘要译文
1，许多蝙蝠冬眠在冬季和像他们普遍调动各冬眠以节省能源。在这些觉醒，一些蝙蝠可能开展活动远离休眠站点。频率和冬季活动的目的，在北美温带蝙蝠的研究是罕见的，许多文献涉及单个个体或群体无人盯防的观察。2，我们回顾北美vespertilionid蝙蝠之间的冬季活动现有的文献突出关于这个问题的数据的缺乏，刺激未来研究。由于大多数北美的物种缺乏重复，系统性的研究，得出的结论是一般或只涉及任何物种的地理范围内的部分。3我们建议，冬天活性之间温带蝙蝠无处不在，但活性的程度和目的变化很大之间和物种内。大体，穴居蝙蝠往往与冬季树木和树叶栖息的蝙蝠相比，相对不活跃。 4洞栖和树腔栖物种不出现喂，但他们喝酒，在休眠期间偶尔会交配。该冬眠的叶子或枯枝落叶物种在冬季最为活跃的品种，可能饲料和饮料的冬天，虽然他们可能没有，因为他们孤独的本质交配。5我们鼓励研究人员进行研究，冬季活动的各个方面广泛的跨纬度和海拔梯度北美vespertilionids。克通过确定冬季饲养的活动，并在和洞穴中的动作更彻底的检查的频率和强度的能量消耗和冬季活动的好处。研究共同的，广泛的品种有照亮大规模的模式和不同的潜力，应优先于研究罕见的物种。
JUSTIN G. BOYLES[1,*]; MIRANDA B. DUNBAR[2] and JOHN O. WHITAKER JR[1];. Activity following arousal in winter in North American vespertilionid bats[J]. Mammal Review, 2006,36(4): 267-280