摘要
The effects of sugar and forage inclusion in calves' starter and their interaction on animal performance and rumen fermentation parameters were investigated. Twenty-eight neonatal Holstein male calves 3 days of age with average body weights of 42 ± 4 kg were allocated to four different treatments. All calves were fed a similar basal diet consisting of milk and concentrate. The experimental treatments were: (i) basal diet with no supplementation (Control, hereafter designated by C), (ii) basal diet plus 5% granular sugar cane (Sugar, designated by S), (iii) basal diet plus 5% forage (Forage, designated by F) and (iv) basal diet plus 5% forage with 5% granular sugar cane (F × S). Supplement ingredients were used on a dry matter (DM) basis. Rumen fluid parameters were measured twice on days 35 and 70 of the study period. The calves were weaned when they could consume 1 kg of starter for three consecutive days. The results show that starter intake was not affected by treatment; however, the lowest ADG was observed with calves in the sugar treatment. Weaning age was affected by treatments, and forage showed to reduce milk consumption period down to its shortest. Forage–sugar interaction was found to have no effects on animal performance. The structural body indices as well as the health status of the calves were similar in different treatments. Rumen pH did not differ among the treatment groups. Among the rumen parameters, total VFA concentration and molar proportions of butyrate and propionate did not exhibit any significant differences among the treatments. However, ruminal acetate concentration decreased in calves that fed sugar cane during the early weeks of the study period. Comparison of forage and sugar included in the starter diets revealed that forage reduced weaning age, while sugar cane had a negative effect on calves' performance.
摘要译文
糖和饲料纳入牛犊“启动及其对动物生产性能和瘤胃发酵参数交互影响。年龄为42±4千克平均体重二十八个新生儿荷斯坦公犊3天被分配到四个不同的治疗方法。所有的犊牛饲喂类似的基础日粮包括牛奶和浓缩。实验处理为：（一）基础日粮中不补充（对照，用C以下称），（二）基础日粮+ 5％颗粒状甘蔗（糖，用S指定），（三）基础日粮+ 5％饲料（饲料，用F表示）及（iv）基础日粮+ 5％饲料用5％颗粒状糖甘蔗（F×S）。补充剂成分被用来基于干物质（DM）的基础。瘤胃液参数天35与研究期间的70测量两次。犊牛断奶时，他们会消耗1公斤起动，连续三天。结果表明，摄入首发并没有受到处理;然而，最低的ADG观察与糖治疗小腿。断奶年龄受治疗，并显示出牧草减少牛奶消费周期降至最短。牧草糖相互作用发现对动物的生产性能没有影响。结构体指数以及小腿的健康状况是在不同的处理类似。瘤胃pH值未治疗组间差异。在瘤胃参数，总VFA浓度和丁酸盐和丙酸盐的摩尔比例没有表现出的处理中的任何显著差异。然而，犊牛，在最初几周的研究期间喂甘蔗瘤胃乙酸浓度下降。饲料和糖包含在开食料的比较，可知：饲料降低断奶年龄，而甘蔗对小牛的性能有负面影响。
H. Beiranvand[1,*]; G. R. Ghorbani[1]; M. Khorvash[1] and M. Kazemi-Bonchenari[2];. Forage and sugar in dairy calves' starter diet and their interaction on performance, weaning age and rumen fermentation[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2014,98(3): 439-445