摘要
The gastrointestinal microbiota is extremely important for human and animal health. Investigations into the composition of the microbiota and its therapeutic modification have received increasing interest in human and veterinary medicine. Probiotics are a way of modifying the microbiota and have been tested to prevent and treat diseases. Probiotics are proposed to exert their beneficial effects through various pathways. Production of antimicrobial compounds targeting intestinal pathogens, general immune stimulation, and colonization resistance are among these mechanisms. Despite widespread availability and use, scientific, peer-reviewed evidence behind commercial probiotic formulations in horses is limited. Additionally, quality control of commercial over-the-counter products is not tightly regulated. Although promising in vitro results have been achieved, in vivo health benefits have been more difficult to prove. Whether the ambiguous results are caused by strain selection, dosage selection or true lack of efficacy remains to be answered. Although these limitations exist, probiotics are increasingly used because of their lack of severe adverse effects, ease of administration, and low cost. This review summarizes the current evidence for probiotic use in equine medicine. It aims to provide veterinarians with evidence-based information on when and why probiotics are indicated for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in horses. The review also outlines the current state of knowledge on the equine microbiota and the potential of fecal microbial transplantation, as they relate to the topic of probiotics.
摘要译文
胃肠菌群是人类和动物的健康极为重要。调查的微生物群的组成和它的治疗修改已接收的增加在人类医学和兽医学的兴趣。益生菌是改变菌群的一种方式，并已经过测试，以预防和治疗疾病。提出了益生菌通过各种途径来发挥其有益的影响。针对生产肠道致病菌，一般的免疫刺激和定植抗力的抗菌化合物是这些机制之一。尽管普及和使用，科学，同行评审的马背后的商业益生菌制剂的证据是有限的。此外，商业过度的非处方产品的质量控制没有被严格控制。尽管有前途的体外实验结果已经实现，在体内健康的好处已经被越来越难以证明。无论是模棱两可的结果是由菌种选育造成的，用量的选择或真缺乏疗效有待回答的问题。虽然这些限制存在，益生菌被越来越多地使用，因为它们缺乏的严重的副作用，易于管理，成本低。本文综述了目前的证据在马医学益生菌的使用。它的目的是提供与兽医时候，为什么益生菌的适应症是预防或治疗的马胃肠道疾病的证据为基础的信息。审查还概述了知识上的马菌群和粪便微生物移植的潜在的当前状态，因为这涉及到益生菌的话题。
A. Schoster[1,2,*]; J.S. Weese[3] and L. Guardabassi[2];. Probiotic Use in Horses – What is the Evidence for Their Clinical Efficacy?[J]. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2014,28(6): 1640-1652