摘要
Several biological measurements were made on captive sambar deer over 3 years (1989–92). Calving occurred from January to November, with a peak in April/May. Mean calving date was 8 May (SD = 71.3 days; n = 31). Calf mortality at birth was 28% (12/43), with the major causes being adult aggression and inclement weather. Mortality was higher in stag calves (41%) than hind calves (6%). Most adult stags were in velvet antler between January and April (mean = 125 days; SD = 22.6 days), and in hard antler between May and November (mean = 231 days; SD = 40.0 days), during which time rutting behaviour was observed. Mean dates of velvet stripping and hard antler casting were 17 April (SD = 14.9 days) and 7 December (SD = 35.4 days), respectively. These data are compared with similar data for farmed red deer. Sambar deer were found to be highly nervous and temperamental, but became more settled with regular human contact and feeding with maize and hay.
摘要译文
几种生物测量是在圈养水鹿超过3年（ 1989-92 ）制成。一月发生产犊至11月，有4/5月的峰值。平均产犊日期是5月8日（ SD = 71.3天; N = 31 ） 。出生牛犊的死亡率为28 ％， 25 （ 12/43 ） ，主要的原因是成年侵略和恶劣天气。死亡率为雄鹿小牛（ 41 ％ 25 ）比后肢小牛（ 6 ％ 25 ）高。大多数成年雄鹿是在一月和四月之间鹿茸（平均= 125天; SD = 22.6天） ，并于5月至十一月间硬鹿角（平均= 231天; SD = 40.0天） ，在此期间发情行为观察。剥绒和硬鹿角铸件平均日期是4月17日（ SD = 14.9Hz天）和12月7日（ SD = 35.4天） ，分别。这些数据与养殖马鹿类似数据进行比较。水鹿被认为是高度紧张和气质，但变得更加稳定与经常与人接触，并与玉米和干草喂养。
G. Semiadi[a][b]; P. D. Muir[a] ; T. N. Barry[b]†. General biology of sambar deer (Cervus unicolot) in captivity[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1994,37(1): 79-85