摘要
Understanding how wildlife responds to the spread of human-dominated habitats is a major challenge in ecology. It is still poorly understood how urban areas affect wildlife space-use patterns and consistent intra-specific behavioural differences (i.e. behavioural types; BTs), which in turn shape various ecological processes. To address these questions, we investigated the movements of a common resident wader, the spur-winged lapwing (Vanellus spinosus), hypothesizing that urban individuals will be more mobile than rural ones. We used an ATLAS tracking system to track many (n = 135) individuals at a high resolution over several months each. We first established that daily movement indices show consistent differences among individuals, acting as spatial-BTs. Then focusing on the two main principle components of lapwings’ daily movements—mobility and position along the exploration–exploitation gradient—we investigated how these BTs are shaped by urbanization, season (nesting versus non-nesting) and sex. We found that urban lapwings were indeed more mobile in both seasons. Furthermore, urban females were less explorative than rural females, especially during the nesting season. These results highlight how urbanization affects wildlife behaviour, even of apparently urban-resilient avian residents. This underscores the need to consider possible behavioural consequences that are only apparent through advanced tracking methods.
摘要译文
了解野生动物如何对人类主导栖息地的扩展作出反应是生态学的一个主要挑战。 人们对城市地区如何影响野生动物空间利用模式和一致的种内行为差异（即行为类型；BT）仍然知之甚少，这些行为差异反过来又塑造了各种生态过程。 为了解决这些问题，我们调查了一种常见栖息的涉水者——刺翅腹翅雀（Vanellus spinosus）的活动，假设城市个体比农村个体更易移动。 我们使用ATLAS跟踪系统以高分辨率跟踪许多（n = 135）个体，每次跟踪数月。 我们首先确定，日常运动指数显示个体间的一致差异，作为空间-BTs。 然后，我们将重点放在鸟类日常活动的两个主要组成部分——移动性和沿着勘探-开发梯度的位置——我们调查了这些BT是如何由城市化、季节（筑巢与非筑巢）和性别形成的。 我们发现，在两季里，都市里的鸟的确更具机动性。 此外，城市雌性动物比农村雌性动物更缺乏探索性，尤其是在筑巢季节。 这些结果突显了城市化如何影响野生动物的行为，甚至是明显有城市复原力的鸟类居民。 这突出表明，需要考虑可能产生的行为后果，而这些后果只能通过先进的追踪方法才能显现出来。
Michael Bar-Ziv; Hilla Ziv; Mookie Breuer; Eitam Arnon; Assaf Uzan;Orr Spiegel. Spur-winged lapwings show spatial behavioural types with different mobility and exploration between urban and rural individuals[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 2025,292(2038)