摘要
Probiotics are living microorganisms which provide benefits to the host. They have been demonstrated to be effective and safe depending on the quantity, dose, route of administration and ingredients in a wide range of diseases such as intestinal inflammation or infection, ischemic heart diseases, urogenital infections, respiratory diseases and protective and treatment role against cancer. Most of the probiotic products currently available comprise lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that belong to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. There are different sources of probiotic like dairy products, fermented milk, kefir, kimchi, kombucha, kiom-ma, utonga kupsu, noni, soymilk and yogurt. The current paper investigated the major probiotic sources and their safety and efficacy and their mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of several types of cancer including breast, colon, gastric, liver, pancreatic, cervical, oral, lung, leukemia and melanoma cancer at three levels in vitro, animal and clinical studies. Several mechanisms are suggested for prophylactic and antitumor functions of probiotics including production of short chain fatty acids, alteration of colonic motility and transit time, alteration of differentiation process in tumor cells, anticarcinogenic effects, antimutagenic properties, modulation of inflammatory response, inhibition of the bacteria that convert pro-carcinogens to carcinogens, alteration of tumor gene expressions, decrease of intestinal pH to diminish microbial activity, antioxidant activity, modulation of gut microbiota, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects, antiangiogenesis, enhancement of barrier function, their interference in the enterohepatic cycle of estrogen. Several clinical trials revealed probiotics efficacy against prevent of post-operative complications and chemotherapy and radiation therapy related toxicity such as diarrhea and inflammation. However, numerous studies revealed that probiotics had either no or positive influences in associated with safety results like infection and mortality. Nevertheless, more clinical trial studies are essential to recognize the potential strains, dosages and administration regimes with highest efficacy and safety as an adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment for particular types and stages of cancer.
摘要译文
益生菌是生活微生物，为主持人提供益处。他们已被证明是有效和安全的，这取决于各种疾病，如肠炎症或感染，缺血性心脏病，泌尿生殖器感染，呼吸疾病和对抗癌症的保护和治疗作用的数量，剂量，给药和成分途径。目前可用的大多数益生菌产品包括属于乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的乳酸菌（实验室）。有不同的益生品等乳制品，发酵牛奶，Kefir，泡菜，kombucha，kiom-ma，Utonga kupsu，noni，豆浆和酸奶。目前的论文调查了主要的益生菌来源及其安全性和疗效以及它们在预防和治疗几种类型的癌症中的机制，包括乳腺癌，结肠，胃，肝，胰腺，宫颈癌，口服，肺，白血病和黑素瘤癌症在三个层面体外，动物和临床研究。提出了几种机制，用于预防性和抗肿瘤功能的益生菌，包括生产短链脂肪酸，结肠运动和过渡时间的改变，肿瘤细胞中的分化过程的改变，抗癌效应，抗毒性，炎症反应调节，抑制细菌将甲状腺素转化为致癌物质，肿瘤基因表达的改变，肠道pH降低，减少微生物活性，抗氧化活性，肠道微生物的调节，抗增殖和凋亡效应，抗血管生成，增强屏障功能的增强，它们在肠内循环中的干扰雌激素。几种临床试验揭示了益生菌效果，防止术后并发症和化疗和放射治疗相关的毒性，如腹泻和炎症。然而，许多研究表明，益生菌在感染和死亡率等安全结果中具有无关或阳性影响。然而，更多的临床试验研究对于识别具有最高疗效和安全性的潜在菌株，剂量和给药制度是必不可少的，作为癌症治疗的癌症治疗的辅助治疗。
Samaneh Soleymani.1;Farnaz Ebrahimi.2;Hossein Rezaeizadeh.3;Roja Rahimi.1. Probiotics and Cancer. Nutraceuticals and Cancer Signaling[M].DE: Springer, 2021: 467-527