摘要
Biosurfactants (BSs) are bio-based surface active amphiphilic molecules synthesised by different classes of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Among these, glycolipid BSs, which include rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), trehalose lipids (TLs) and cellobiose lipids (CBLs), are known to exhibit excellent physico-chemical and biological interactions. In this chapter, we will concentrate on the diverse properties, production and applications of MELs, TLs and CBLs. MELs, among all other glycolipids, are reported to be produced at a yield of 165 g/L in continuous culture mode. Cellobiose lipids are occasionally produced as minor components with low yield (16g/L). The TLs are reported to be produced at a maximum yield of 40 g/L utilising n-hexadecane as carbon source (Uchida et al. 1989). All the three glycolipids are also produced from renewable substrates which include agro-industrial wastes, vegetable oils and water soluble sugars. They are also produced from non-renewable water-insoluble hydrocarbons. MELs are widely used as cosmetic ingredient for skin applications. Trehalose lipids are candidates for bioremediation and cellobiose lipids have proved to be efficient antifungal agents. The high yield, mild production conditions, structural diversity, excellent physico-chemical properties and biological interactions of MELs over others have made them to be very promising BSs for applications in food, environment, enhanced oil recovery, pharmaceutical and cosmetic and drug/gene delivery.
摘要译文
生物表面活性剂（BSs）是基于生物的表面活性两亲分子，由不同种类的细菌，真菌和放线菌合成。其中，已知包括鼠李糖脂，槐糖脂，甘露糖基赤藓糖醇脂（MELs），海藻糖脂（TLs）和纤维二糖脂（CBLs）的糖脂BS具有出色的物理，化学和生物相互作用。在本章中，我们将重点介绍MEL，TL和CBL的各种特性，生产和应用。据报道，在所有其他糖脂中，MEL在连续培养模式下的产量为165 g / L。纤维二糖脂质偶尔会作为次要成分生产，产量低（16g / L）。据报道，使用正十六烷作为碳源，可生产的TL的最大产量为40 g / L（Uchida等。 1989）。所有这三种糖脂也都由可再生的底物生产而成，这些底物包括农业工业废料，植物油和水溶性糖。它们也由不可再生的水不溶性碳氢化合物生产。 MEL被广泛用作皮肤应用的化妆品成分。海藻糖脂质是生物修复的候选者，纤维二糖脂质已被证明是有效的抗真菌剂。 MEL的高收率，温和的生产条件，结构多样性，优异的理化性质和生物相互作用使其成为食品，环境，提高石油采收率，药物和化妆品以及药物/基因传递中应用的非常有前途的BS 。
Chandraprasad Madihalli, Mukesh Doble. Microbial Production and Applications of Mannosylerythritol, Cellobiose and Trehalose Lipids. Microbial Biosurfactants and their Environmental and Industrial Applications[M].UK: Taylorfrancis, 2018: 81-105