摘要
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that possesses an essential role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Its maximal diversity and concentration takes place in the colon. Here is where the symbiotic interactions among the living microorganisms and the host contribute to maintaining gut homeostasis and influence the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses among other functions. Microbiota dysbiosis caused by different factors such as an inappropriate diet, lifestyle, and abuse of antibiotic consumption alters the health status and promotes disease. The reestablishment of the intestinal microbiota equilibrium through different approaches such as diet modification and the use of functional ingredients is the great interest in humans, not only as tools to prevent disease development but also as a complementary therapy in diseases already developed. Probiotics have been shown to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota through different mechanisms. In the present chapter, an overview of these mechanisms as well as a small introduction on gut microbiota composition and fermented foods as the origin of probiotics is presented.
摘要译文
人类肠道微生物群是一个复杂的生态系统，在维持肠道和全身健康中具有至关重要的作用。它的最大多样性和浓度发生在结肠中。这是活生生生物之间的共生相互作用，宿主有助于维持肠道体内平衡，并影响宿主的先天和适应性免疫反应以及其他功能。微生物群营养不良是由不同因素引起的，例如不适当的饮食，生活方式和滥用抗生素消耗会改变健康状况并促进疾病。通过饮食修饰和功能成分的使用来重建肠道菌群平衡，这对人类引起了极大的兴趣，这不仅是预防疾病发展的工具，而且是已经开发的疾病中的补充疗法。益生菌已被证明可以通过不同的机制调节肠道菌群的组成。在本章中，提出了这些机制的概述以及肠道菌群组成和发酵食品的小介绍，作为益生菌的起源。
Laura I.Sinisterra-Loaiza;AlexandreLamas;Jose ManuelMiranda;AlbertoCepeda;AlejandraCardelle-Cobas. Probiotics and human gut microbiota modulation. Probiotics for Human Nutrition in Health and Disease[M].NL: ELSEVIER, 2022: 199-230